摘要:

Oral cancer is caused by chewing and smoking of tobacco. To assess the feasibility of primary prevention of oral cancer, two cohorts were studied in base‐line surveys and then followed up annually for 10‐yr in Ernakulam district of Kerala state. The intervention cohort consisted of 12212 tobacco users aged 15 yr and over, who were exposed to a concentrated program of eduction against tobacco use. The control cohort was a non‐concurrent cohort of 6075 tobacco users studied using similar methods but with a minimal amount of advice against tobacco use. The stoppage of tobacco use increased and the incidence rate of leukoplakia decreased significantly and substantially in the intervention cohort compared to the control cohort. The decrease in the incidence of leukoplakia was indicative of the decrease in the risk of oral cancer since the two were intimately related. This study demonstrated feasibility of primary prevention of oral c

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00970.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The melanin pigmentation in the palate of Indian reverse smokers was histologically studied in 80 biopsies, which were compared with corresponding tissue from 49 nontobacco users. The morphology of epithelium containing melanin in its basal part was normal in smokers and nonsmokers, in contrast to areas with a local melanin depigmentation of the epithelium found in some of the reverse smokers. Here an epithelial thinning, inflammation in the underlying connective tissue, and eventually a cancer was found. The histologic appearance was in accordance with the theory that as long as a smoker's melanosis or a genetic melanin pigmentation is present, melanin functions as a defence against toxic agents penetrating into the oral mucosa.

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00971.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To assess cellular immunity in oral lichen planus (OLP), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from 19 OLP patients and 30 control subjects. The proportions of circulating CD45RA+ and CD29+ lymphocyte subsets were determined. The proliferative activity of PBMC to the non‐specific plant mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) was examined together with the spontaneous proliferative response and the response in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). In the OLP group, the proportion of CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes was significantly less than control subjects and the proportion of CD4+ CD29+ T lymphocytes was increased significantly. The proliferative response to PHA was similar in OLP and controls subjects. Con A‐stimulated PBMC proliferation was decreased significantly in the OLP group. Spontaneous PBMC proliferation in patients with non‐reticular lesions was significantly less than control subjects. Despite a mildly depressed response in the AMLR in OLP patients, this result was not statistically significant. Results of the phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes indicate a decreased proportion of naive T cells and an increased proportion of primed memory T cells, although the antigen specificity of these memory cells remains to be determined. Results of the functional assays would seem to reflect this phenotypic shift, and as T cells responding to Con A stimulation and in the AMLR possess suppressor‐inducer activity, these results may also suggest an association between OLP and defective innate T cell‐mediated suppressor

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00972.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Keratinocyte expression of the Class II major histocompatibility complex antigen HLADR, is seen in several inflammatory disorders of skin and mucosa, including lichen planus. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the distribution of Langerhans cells and their expression of CD4 in oral lichen planus is related to keratinocyte HLADR. The numbers of CD1‐ and CD4‐positive Langerhans cells were compared in areas of keratinocyte HLADR and areas showing no expression in oral lichen planus and with normal oral mucosa. Cells were identified using an immunoalkaline phosphatase technique and numbers were expressed per mm epithelial surface length. In lichen planus, an increase both in the number of Langerhans cells and the numbers expressing CD4 were found in areas of keratinocyte HLADR expression compared with HLADR negative areas and with normal oral mucosa. There was no difference in the numbers of Langerhans cells or their expression of CD4 between HLADR‐negative areas in LP and normal oral mucosa. These results show that the distribution of Langerhans cells is related to keratinocyte expression of HLADR and suggest that Langerhans cell entry may be enhanced in these areas. Whilst it is possible this enhancement is mediated by CD4/HLADR interaction, other molecules are also likely to be important in controlling Langerhans cell entry into oral m

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00973.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty patients with oral lichen planus and topically treated with fluocinolone acetonide in orabase 0.1% (FAO) were compared with 20 treated with triamcinolone acetonide in orabase 0.1% (TAO). During 4 wk of treatment the lesions in 13 of 19 patients could be effectively cured with FAO whereas only 8 of 19 patients were cured with TAO. These differences were statistically significant. There were no differences in blood pressure, plasma cortisol or number of circulating lymphocytes after treatment with FAO, but the number of eosinophils was reduced in every case after treatment for 6 months. There was no permanent adrenal cortical suppression after treatment for 6 months. Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis during the treatment was common but could be cured with antifungal drug in every case. This study shows that FAO in a majority of cases is an effective treatment of oral lichen planus without any serious clinical side effects apart from treatable candidiasis.

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00974.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in biopsies taken from clinically normal buccal mucosa (n= 212) and clinical lesions (n= 60) was examined by Southern blot hybridization (SBH) using32P‐labelled HPV DNA probes. Furthermore, one hundred formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsies were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). combined with dot blot hybridization and biotinylated HPV DNA probes. With SBH and PCR, 15.4% and 29.4% of the biopsies, respectively, contained HPV DNA. In clinically normal epithelium, 15.6% and 23.1% of the samples were HPV‐positive with SBH and PCR, respectively. The HPV types detected in the genital and oral mucosa of index patients differed in all except two cases. Histology could not be relied on distinguishing HPV DNA positive and HPV DNA negative samples. Hand warts were encountered significantly more frequently in patients with a concomitant oral HPV infection. To conclude, oral HPV infections as detected by SBH and PCR arc surprisingly common, but similar to the genital tract, the virus seems to exist in a latent form in the vast majority of cases. The frequent concomitant finding of skin warts and oral HPV infection may suggest some kind of HPV‐specific immuno‐

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00975.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have employed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Human Papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 in oral squames and mononuclear cells from 62 healthy young adult volunteers. Two groups were screened for the presence of this virus, but in not all cases was DNA obtained from the scrapes. In the first (n= 30), the results show that 43% of normal individuals harbour HPV 16 (a genital type) in their buccal mucosa, epithelium of dorsum of tongue and hard palate. In the second group (n= 18), 44% of individuals were positive for HPV 16 in their oral epithelial scrapes, while only 6% were positive for the same virus in mononuclear cells. Interestingly, in 2 cases, peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA gave a positive reaction with the HPV 16 primers. To investigate possible HPV infection of lymphocytes, a further 42 lymphocyte samples, taken from the same age group as the epithelial study group, were analysed. None of these lymphocytes were positive for the presence of HPV 16 DNA.

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00976.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Transamidases are a class of calcium–dependent mammalian enzymes which crosslink proteins by catalyzing the formation of (γ–glutamyl)–ε–lysine bonds. It is possible that these enzymes play an important anabolic role in tissue healing. This study was to quantitate transamidase activity in human gingival tissue and examine the relation between transamidase activity and degree of inflammation. Forty–four out of a total 120 collected human gingival specimens from healthy and diseased patients were selected based on histometric and microbiologic criteria. Specimens were minced and homogenized in 10 mM CaCl2and then extracted for 30 min, in 50 mM tris–HCl buffer (pH7.5) containing 100 mM CaCl2. Following low speed centrifugation at 4 C, the supernatant solution was assayed for both transamidase and collagenase activities by radioactive amine incorporation, and digestion of tritiated collagen, respectively. Appreciable levels of transamidase and collagenase activities in healthy gingivae were found. These enzyme activities were significantly elevated in the diseased and healing tissues. Unlike other transamidases, calcium was required in the enzyme extra

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00977.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An immunohistochemical study of c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein expression was carried out on 201 cases of primary salivary gland tumors, using a polyclonal antibody, raised to the intracytoplasmic domain of the c‐erbB‐2 oncogene product. An intense membrane reactivity was observed in one case of sialocarcinoma transformed from pleomorphic adenoma (n= 8) and one case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n= 22). A comparative histopathologic evaluation of c‐erbB‐2 positive tumors showed marked variation in cell size, nuclear pleomorphism, multinucleation, a high mitotic rate and increased lymphoid cell infiltration and an aggressive clinical course with poor survival. The results indicate that c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein is rarely expressed in malignant salivary gland tumors. However, the overexpression appears to have a distinct histopathologic feature, but a larger study incorporating histopathology and clinical data would be necessary to correlate the significance of c‐erbB‐2 oncogene product in saliva

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00978.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY