摘要:

Historical aspects of betel andmiangchewing in Thailand are decribed, as is the betel quid. Available literature on cancer and precancer in Thailand is reviewed. While oral cancer has been a major health problem in the past, changes in habit patterns with marked reduction of betel andmiangchewing during the last decades have prompted a change in frequency of oral cancer in some provinces. Oral effects ofmiangchewing are less marked, although chewer's mucosa has been observed. Betel andmiangchewing seem to be vanishing habits in Thailand in contrast to other Southeast Asian or South Asian countries.

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to assess nicotine regulation among users of portion‐bag Swedish oral moist snuff (snus) when switching from an ordinarysnusproduct (Brand A) to a low‐nicotine product having only half the concentration of nicotine (Brand B). Two studies were performed to compare the short‐term effects on consumption and nicotine intake of switching to low‐nicotinesnuswith those of long‐term effects. In Study 1, consumption data, soft tissue changes and nicotine intake were measured in a group of 24 habitual users of Swedish portion‐bagsnus, both during use of their ordinarysnus(Brand A) for 2 weeks and during consumption of the low‐nicotine product (Brand B) for 10 weeks. In study 2, the same data were measured during 2 weeks in a reference group of 18snususers who had been habitual users of the low‐nicotinesnus(Brand B) for at least one year. Although there was no increase in number of hours of daily consumption, the amount ofsnusconsumed increased on average by 2 grams a day (+15%) when switching from Brand A to the low‐nicotine Brand B (Study 1). The Brand B reference group (Study 2) consumed about 3 grams lesssnusa day during the same number of hours as the subjects in Study 1 who had switched to Brand B. These results indicate thatsnususers compensate to a small extent for the lower nicotine delivery by increasing their consumption on short‐term switching but the same does not apply to long‐term users. There was a significant reduction in nicotine intake when switching to the low‐nicotine brand. The individual average saliva cotinine levels decreased from 336 ng/ml to 153 ng/ml and total amounts of nicotine equivalents excreted during 24 h decreased from 25.2 mg to 14.4 mg (Study 1), reaching about the same levels found in the reference group in Study 2 (159 ng/ml and 14.3 mg, respectively). After switching from Brand A to Brand B in Study 1, there was a decrease in the frequency of Degree 3 clinical lesions and an increase in Degree 2 lesions. Also, Degree 3 lesions were less frequent, and Degree 1 lesions more frequent, in Study 2 than in Study 1. These observations point to the development of less pronounced changes after both long‐term and short‐term swit

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Differences in cytokeratin expression of clinically normal buccal mucosa were studied in 50 healthy women by indirect immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies. The subjects were divided into four groups: control group (N= 18), smokers (N=8), oral contraceptive users (N=8) and smokers receiving oral contraceptives (N=16). Our findings indicate that cytokeratin expression in non‐cornified stratified epithelium is not influenced by smoking or oestradiol/progesterone treatment. Only cytokeratin No. 19 showed variable patterns of expression but the differences could not be ascribed to smoking or contraceptives. Cytokeratin No. 19 gave a positive reaction in the basal and suprabasal layers in 34 subjects (68%). In 9 (18%) specimens, the staining was positive in the basal cells and showed a positive heterogeneous cytoplasmic reaction in the suprabasal cells. Interestingly, cytokeratin No. 7 was recognized in all epithelial cells except the basal cells. Our results suggest that changes in the serum oestradiol levels do not affect the cytokeratin pattern in buccal mucos

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Expression ofrasp21 oncoproteins was examined in histological sections of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), epithelial dysplasia, epithelial hyperkeratosis and normal oral mucosa using antibodies torasp21 with an immunoperoxidase technique.Rasp21‐positive staining was found in 47 of 51 (92.2%) cases of oral SCC, 4 of 4 (100%) cases of epithelial dysplasia, 7 of 7 (100%) cases of epithelial hyperkeratosis, and 1 of 6 (16.7%) cases of normal oral mucosa. The positive staining rate ofrasp21 in oral SCC, epithelial dysplasia or epithelial hyperkeratosis was significantly higher than that in normal oral mucosa (P<0.05). No correlation was found betweenrasp21 expression and patient age, tumour location, tumour size, clinical staging or histological differentiation of SCC. However, a significant positive correlation was found betweenrasp21 expression and patients' sex (P<0.05) or regional lymph node status (P<0.05). A significant positive correlation was also discovered betweenrasp21 expression and patients' smoking habits (P<0.01), as well as daily or total betel quid (BQ) consumption (P<0.05). Of the 47 immunostain‐positive SCC patients, specimens from 6 patients were also obtained after chemotherapy, whenrasp21 expression was found to be reduced. These results indicate thatrasp21 over expression may play an important role in the initiation and progression of oral SCCs in patients who are smokers and BQ chew

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have analysed both the nuclear‐cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio and nuclear volume densities (VVN) in defined strata from human hard palate lesions with and without malignant potential to determine the prognostic reliability and/or validity of this parameter. Measurements of cellular and nuclear areas of basal and spinous cells from normal (N) and pathological palatal epithelium were made on histological sections using an image analyser. The lesions comprised fibrous hyperplasia (FH), traumatic inflammation (INF), benign hyperkeratosis (HK), squamous cell papilloma (PP), dysplastic epithelium adjacent to invasive carcinoma (CE) and islands of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (CI). In basal cells, no significant differences were detected in comparisons of N/C and VVNbetween all pathological groups and the N control group. The mean value for CE was lower than that obtained for N. In spinous cells, the only statistically significant comparison was between IF and FH for both N/C and VVN. Both parameters were lower in CE than in N. Of all groups analysed except CI, the CE group is the only one likely to possess an increased malignant potential. The N/C ratio therefore seems to be of no value as a predictor of malignancy in palatal epithelial lesion

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mast cells are granule‐containing secretory cells which are distributed preferentially about the microvascular bed in oral mucosa. This work examined the contribution of mast cell mediators to inflammation in the oral cavity. Mast cells in oral tissues expressed the serine proteases, tryptase and chymase, with a minor subpopulation being chymase‐negative. Mast cells contained the cytokine tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF) in their granules. Degranulation of mast cells was a consistent feature of inflammation lesions (lichen planus, gingivitis, pulpitis, periapical inflammation). In lichen planus, intracellular stores of TNF were depleted, and expression of mRNA for TNF was upregulated, indicating ongoing production and release of the cytokine. The density of mast cells in tissue compartments was related to the level of expression of E‐selectin, an endothelial adhesion molecule which is known to be induced in skin by TNF derived from degranulating mast cells. Further attention should be directed toward the role of mast cell products, particularly TNF, in inflammation in the ora

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

50 patients with oral lichen planus (LP) were investigated for current anxiety and depression and for related personality factors. Anxiety levels, as measured on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale, were elevated in 50% of cases while depression scores, measured on the same scale, were low in all but a few. The sample profile showed a slight tendency towards anxiety, as measured by the Cattell 16 PF Questionnaire, but did not confirm previous reports of high intelligence and intellectual orientation. There were no statistically significant associations between erosive oral LP and either anxiety or depression, as measured on the HAD Scale, or anxiety as measured by the Cattell 16 PF Questionnaire.

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A light and electron microscopic investigation of pseudomembranous candidiasis in HIV infection was undertaken as there is little data available on the ultrastructural features of the invasive phase ofCandidain this disease. On examination of biopsy specimens of four patients, histopathology revealed the classic features of superficial candidiasis, including hyphal penetration down to the spinous cell layer, parakeratosis, acanthosis and spongiosis of the infected, superficial epithelium. However, in one case, hyphae traversed the entire epithelium and crossed the basal membrane, invading the adjacent connective tissue. Ultrastructural investigations revealed initial hyphal penetration through the intercellular spaces, possibly demonstrating thigmotropism. However, hyphal penetration was not solely confined to intercellular spaces, as some specimens demonstrated hyphal elements traversing both the cytoplasm and the nuclei of the spinous cells. In these areas of the epithelium appressoria‐like appendages were often found at the hyphal tip. These phenomena, commonly described in plant fungi, have rarely been described in human material. Pools of desmosomes were seen in the vicinity of the hyphal pathways, implying that the penetration procedure is associated with detachment and congregation of desmosomes, possibly by enzymatic means. Interestingly, the host immune response to fungal invasion appeared to be minimal, as no immune‐effector cells were seen closely associated with either the blastospores or the hyphae in any of the tissues examined. Whether the foregoing events are exaggerated by the abortive immune response seen in HIV‐infected patients, or common in immunocompetent individuals during candidal invasion of epithelia, needs to be ascertained by further st

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During an acute exacerbation of asthma, a HIV‐negative patient with a normal CD4 count presented with candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia which receded with treatment by systemic antifungal

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Florid cemento‐osseous dysplasia (FCOD) with concomitant simple bone cysts is not common. We report a case of FCOD involving three quadrants of the jaws and associated with two large cystic lesions of the mandible in a 40‐year‐old Japanese woman. Microscopic examination revealed unencapsulated fibroblastic proliferation with formation of bone and cementum, showing different developmental stages, and cystic lesions resembling a simple bone

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY