摘要:

With data on children’s dental state from 1976 to 1993, we evaluated how the size of the high-caries group has changed concurrently with simultaneously decreasing mean numbers of teeth with past or current caries. Information related to all dental check-ups done for 5- and 15-year-olds in Helsinki, some 4,000 subjects of each age by year, consisted of numbers of teeth with caries experience (dmft or DMFT) and of all decayed teeth (dt+DT). Polarization of dental caries was described as the proportion of high-caries groups in each year, both in terms of caries experience and current untreated caries, diagnosed at subjects’ annual clinical dental check-ups. For 5-year-olds, the high-caries group by caries experience included patients with their dmft ≥ 3. For 15-year-olds the limits were set at DMFT ≥ 6 and DMFT ≥ 15. The high-caries group in terms of untreated caries was similar for both age groups: dt+DT ≥ 3. Furthermore, polarization of caries was calculated as the share of numbers of both dmf or DMF teeth and dt+DT in each high-caries group of the total number of such teeth in the entire age cohort. During the 17 years, mean dmft for 5-year-olds decreased from 4.6 to 0.8 and mean dt+DT from 0.9 to 0.6. In 1993, 78% had their dmft = 0, whereas only 8% of the patients accounted for 76% of all decayed teeth. For 15-year-olds the decrease was even greater: their DMFT fell from 12.1 to 3.0 and their dt+DT from 3.1 to 0.8. However, only 26% had their DMFT = 0 in 1993, with 55% of all dt+DT occurring in 10% of the patients. The present results confirmed a strong polarization in caries for both age cohorts, showing the need for renewed strategies in preventive carie

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262392

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The rise and fall of caries prevalence (DMFT) and its relation to changing F concentration of drinking water and other health-related factors is analysed based on dental findings of more than 286,000 subjects of either sex (6–15 years old) from the two industrial towns Chemnitz and Plauen. Water fluoridation (1.0 ± 0.1 ppm F) was implemented in Chemnitz (formerly Karl-Marx-Stadt) in 1959. It was in operation until autumn 1990 with an interruption lasting 22 months around the year 1971. In the F-poor town of comparison, Plauen, 55% of the citizens were supplied with F-enriched drinking water (0.9 ppm F) during the years 1972-1984. Another 20% received F-containing mixed water (0.4–0.7 ppm F). During the first three decades of the study the level of caries prevalence was strictly correlated with the availability of an optimal caries preventive F concentration in the drinking water. Water fluoridation was followed by a decrease of caries, and interruptions in fluoridation were followed by increasing caries levels. A different caries trend was observed in the years from 1987 to 1995. There was a significant caries decrease down to the lowest DMFT (2.0) since 1959 in spite of the fact that only F-poor water was available over years in both towns. This improvement of oral health is explained by changes in caries-preventive and environmental condit

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262393

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This randomized, double-blind study tested the caries-preventive efficacy of prenatal fluoride supplementation in 798 children followed until age 5. Initially, 1,400 women in the first trimester of pregnancy residing in communities served by fluoride-deficient drinking water were randomly assigned to one of two groups. During the last 6 months of pregnancy the treatment group received 1 mg fluoride daily in the form of a tablet and the control group received a placebo. Both treatment and control subjects were encouraged to use postnatal dietary fluoride supplements. Caries was measured in children at ages 3 and 5 while fluorosis was assessed at age 5. Caries activity was very low in both study groups: 92% of children remained caries-free in the treatment group and 91% remained caries-free in the placebo group. Fluorosis was observed in 26 subjects, all classified as very mild. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in the study groups with respect to caries and fluorosis in deciduous teeth. The study had sufficient power to detect an absolute risk reduction of 5.1% while only a 1.5% reduction was observed. These findings do not support the hypothesis that prenatal fluoride has a strong caries-preventive effect.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262394

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A long-term prospective, randomized dietary intervention to prevent exposure of children to the known atherosclerosis risk factors (the STRIP baby project) was started when the age of the children was 7 months. The aim of this substudy was to analyze the oral effects of the dietary intervention in the children and their parents when the children had reached the age of 3 years. Every fifth family of the main study was invited to this substudy (n = 179). Those studied (n = 148) represented well the intervention and the control groups and both genders in terms of intake of saturated fatty acids, the dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SAFA) ratio and serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations. Though no difference was found in sucrose consumption between the intervention and the control groups, the intervention children received relatively (in E%) more energy from carbohydrates than the control children (p < 0.005), used absolutely (in g) and relatively (in E%) less fat (p < 0.05) and had a higher PUFA/SAFA ratio in their diet (p < 0.001). Of the 3-year-old children 93% were caries free, and dental decay was as prevalent in the intervention as in the control children. Control children brushed their teeth unassisted more often than the intervention children (p < 0.05). The intervention fathers also received more energy (in E%) from carbohydrates (p < 0.01), the intervention mothers used less fat (p < 0.05) and had a higher PUFA/SAFA ratio in the diet (p < 0.05) than the control fathers and mothers, respectively. Dental and periodontal health of the intervention and control parents (n = 250, 84% attending, mean ± SD age: 34.2+5.5 years also showed no differences even though the control parents had more commonly last visited a dentist over 3 years before this examination (p < 0.05). We conclude that a 29-month period of a low-saturated-fat, low-cholesterol but high-carbohydrate diet as advocated in the STRIP baby trial does not seem to have harmful effects on the oral health of the children or their parents. Minor untoward differences had occurred in the dental health behavior of the control children and their parents

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262395

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Between 1991 and 1993, the data of 479 clinical records were compiled about caries in the permanent teeth of subjects of both sexes, whose dental examinations were carried out in a private dental clinic in the city of Salamanca and who were distributed by age into groups of 16–65, 26–55 and 36–15 years. Using the method known as system of expansion-contraction, we showed that caries has a non-linear dynamic, whose evolution in time is difficult to predict and which has a fractal geometry. This study shows the fractal geometry of caries and to achieve this uses a little-known method which will be of great use in future res

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262396

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effects of an intensive and a monthly mode of antibacterial varnish application on the levels of mutans streptococci (MS) in interdental plaque and whole saliva. Eighty-eight healthy schoolchildren (11–13 years) with high scores of salivary MS were selected by a screening procedure and randomised into two groups. MS were enumerated at all mesial interdental sites of the first permanent molars with the aid of a modified chair-side technique, disclosing a total of 161 sites with moderate or high colonisation levels. The subjects were treated with a 1% chlorhexidine-thymol-containing varnish (Cervitec®) either in an intensive mode (MM) with 3 applications within a 2-week period or in a monthly mode (IM) during a 3-onth period. The varnish was applied with a miniball burnisher after the teeth had been cleaned interdentally with dental floss and dried with air. Follow-up samples of saliva and plaque from the interdental areas were collected after 1, 3 and 6 months. Both groups exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction of interdental MS after 1 month when compared with baseline. An eliminated MS growth appeared more frequently following the IM compared with the MM. After 3 months, a significant reduction compared with baseline was still found in the IM group but not in the MM group. No reduction was found in either group after 6 months. MS levels in saliva were mainly unaffected at the follow-up samplings, with the exception of a slight reduction in the IM group after 1 month. In conclusion, the results suggest that an intensive mode of chlorhexidine-thymol varnish application is more effective against interdental MS than the monthly mode of application. Bacterial growth should be monitored in a site-specific way, since interdental reductions were not adequately reflected in whole saliva sampl

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262397

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The study of plaque biofilms in the oral cavity is difficult as plaque removal inevitably disrupts biofilm integrity precluding kinetic studies involving the penetration of components and metabolism of substrates in situ. A method is described here in which plaque is formed in vivo under normal (or experimental) conditions using a collection device which can be removed from the mouth after a specified time without physical disturbance to the plaque biofilm, permitting site-specific analysis or exposure of the undisturbed plaque to experimental conitions in vitro. Microbiological analysis revealed plaque flora which was similar to that reported from many natural sources. Analytical data can be related to plaque volume rather than weight. Using this device, plaque fluoride concentrations have been shown to vary with plaque depth and in vitro short-term exposure to radiolabelled components may be carried out, permitting important conclusions to be drawn regarding the site-specific composition and dynamics of dental plaque.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262398

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In this paper the penetration of three different varnishes employed in caries prevention (Duraphat®, Fluor Protector® and Cervitec®) into demineralized dentine is quantified using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results show that the varnish penetration into lesions about 85 μm in depth is for Cervitec about 35 μm and considerably less for Duraphat and Fluor Protector. The penetration is into the dentinal tubules and is influenced by dentinal tubule direction. The drying procedure – pretreatment of the dentine – influences the penetration, though sizeably only for Cervitec applications. This paper shows that varnish penetration into the tissue and presumably ‘sealing’ tubules completely or partly is valuable with respect to root caries prevention and hype

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262399

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A constant-composition fluoride (F) titration method was used to measure the amount of leachable F deposited on root surfaces in vitro by a 1-min rinse with a 12 mmol/l sodium fluoride (228 μg/g F) solution or a two-solution rinse that contained 2 mmol/l sodium fluorosilicate (228 μg/g total F) and 10 mmol/l calcium chloride. The mean ± standard deviations (n = 3) F uptake from the two rinse treatments were 0.70 ± 0.24 μg/cm2 and 3.25 ± 0.74 μg/cm2, respectively. In a separate experiment, the effects of sodium fluoride and the two-solution rinses on remineralization of root lesions were evaluated in an in vitro pH cycling model. The results showed that the average decrease in mineral loss (ΔZ) in the two-solution rinse group (60%) was significantly greater than that obtained in the NaF rinse (41%) or the control (9%

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262401

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fifty-seven sound human permanent premolars were demineralized for 14 days and then exposed to six different treatments: group 1,1 mg/l fluoride in milk for 7 days; group 2, 1 mg/l fluoride in milk for 14 days; group 3, 10 mg/l fluoride in milk for 7 days; group 4, 10 mg/l fluoride in milk for 14 days; group 5, control non-fluoridated milk for 14 days, and group 6, control tap water for 14 days. Enamel etch samples were taken and analysed for fluoride and for phosphorus. An increase in the enamel surface fluoride content was observed in groups 1–3. A statistically significant elevation (p < 0.01) of fluoride content and a significant decrease (p < 0.001) of acid solubility were found only in group

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000262402

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger