摘要:

The distribution of caries was determined in 560 dentitions from a 19th century community (Ashton-under-Lyne), of which 255 were from a pre-1850 burial site (average year of death 1841) and 305 from a post-1850 site (average year of death 1876). A few years before 1850, changes in the laws governing sugar and wheat imports resulted in a rapid increase in the consumption of these commodities. The pattern of caries during this century showed a continuation of trends previously observed in the 17th century. These included increases in overall caries prevalence and in the frequency of cavities at interstitial contact areas and occlusal fissures. Both of these trends had made only moderate progress in the pre-1850 sample but had intensified greatly after 1850. Cavities at cemento-enamel junctions had also increased in the 19th century but to a lesser extent than at contact areas. Broadly similar trends were found in the deciduous dentition. The close correlation between dietary changes and trends in the caries pattern is strongly suggestive of a causal relationship between the amount of refined carbohydrate consumed and the distribution as well as the overall prevalence of cavities.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000260233

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF2), at concentrations of 100 ppm F-, were used as mouthrinses to determine their effect on bacterial colonization of tooth enamel in vivo. Mouthrinsing was performed either once or twice a day for up to 7 days. The enamel specimens were examined by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). NaF when used once a day appeared to have little influence on 2-day plaque development, but when used twice a day detachment of bacteria was seen. SnF2 used either once or twice a day reduced the microbiota in early plaque formation drastically. It appeared that the variation in microbial colonization was due to alteration of adhesion of bacteria to enamel, and bacteria to bacteria.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000260234

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Nine sugars and sugar alcohols were assessed for their effect on experimental caries with an Intraoral Cariogenicity Test (ICT). Sample bovine enamel surfaces were submitted to simulated cariogenic conditions in the human mouth. The extent of experimental cariogenesis after 1 week was measured by means of surface microhardness tests on enamel samples. Each test sugar was compared to sucrose control, and supplied to one of the two ICT plaques at the same time. There was no detectable difference in the effect of glucose, fructose, and raffinose on ICT cariogenesis. Lactose, mannitol, melibiose, and sorbitol were significantly less cariogenic than sucrose (p < 0.05), while xylose and xylitol were noncariogenic.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000260235

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The applicability of the Intraoral Cariogenicity Test (ICT) was explored in young, fully dentulous subjects by using an orthodontic appliance to carry the test enamel slabs. In each subject, the degree of experimental caries that developed on the slabs proved to be characteristic of that individual. In all subjects, ICT results were relatively consistent for periods of weeks. However, over a period of months, two subjects displayed sharp changes. Experimental modification of individual factors affected ICT parameters in a predictable manner. The factors tested in this report showed that improved personal oral hygiene, or restriction of dietary sugars, reduced the severity of the experimental enamel lesions. Sorbitol, in extraoral supplementation, was less cariogenic than sucrose.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000260236

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Neither diphosphonates nor NaF seem to influence the extent of the penetration of an artificial carious process. The diphosphonate, MDP, and NaF act predominantly by inhibiting demineralization. The conclusion is based mainly on the observation of a relatively low positive birefringence of the body of the lesion and is substantiated by data from calcium and phosphorus release into the cariogenic medium.

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000260237

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A simple and rapidly setting fissure sealant was developed using thixotropic ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate: before application, the sealant containing 10–20 parts of colloid-sized silica, is placed on a small amount of dimethylformamide as a mild initiator, mixed and then applied by brush to the occlusal surface treated with 3 M phosphoric acid for 30 sec. The applied sealant is instantaneously hardened by dropping the setter consisting of ethyl alcohol containing 1% (v/v) of dimethyl p-toluidine. The sealant has the mean tensile bond strengths of 90–150 kg/ cm2 to etched bovine enamel, depending on the composition and acid-conditioning after immersion in water at 37 °C for

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000260238

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000260239

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000260240

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0008-6568    

DOI:10.1159/000260232

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger