摘要:

We have found that enhanced control has an attenuating effect on cardiovascular reactivity when effort of responding is maintained constant; however, not all individuals will react to increased control in the same manner.In the present study, 40 subjects engaged in a mental arithmetic task under high control (self-paced) and low control (externally paced) conditions. Subjects' self-efficacy concerning this task was assessed. As expected, significant main effects were found for control condition, with high control producing smaller blood pressure and heart rate changes than low control (11.4 vs. 20.4 mm Hg (systolic blood pressure), 4.4 vs. 11.4 mm Hg (diastolic blood pressure), and 6.2 vs. 7.9 beats per minute (heart rate)). No main effects were found for self-efficacy. However, the interaction between control and self-efficacy was significant for systolic blood pressure and heart rate and marginally significant for diastolic blood pressure; post hoc tests showed that this was due to the effect of self-efficacy classification under high control conditions; subjects with low self-efficacy for the mental arithmetic task evidenced cardiovascular changes that were significantly greater than those of the high self-efficacy group (8.0 vs. 14.8 mm Hg (systolic blood pressure), 2.7 vs. 6.1 mm Hg (diastolic blood pressure), and 5.2 vs. 7.1 beats per minute (heart rate). The data suggest that the reactivity observed during active coping is due in part to the effort of responding and in part to the match between the demands of the task and certain mastery-related attributes of the individual.

ISSN:0033-3174    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was designed to investigate relationships between serum thyroid hormone levels and the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a group of 65 male Vietnam combat veterans who participated as members of cohorts in an elective inpatient treatment program.Thyroid hormone measures included serum free and total triiodothyronine (T3), free and total thyroxine (T4), and thyroxine-binding globulin. To estimate symptom severity, the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-2), based on DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for PTSD, was used. Significant positive correlations were observed between free T3, total T3, total T4, and the "hyperarousal" frequency subscale score and the CAPS-2 frequency sum score. Patients with increased thyroid hormone levels and increased hyperarousal symptoms might constitute a clinically significant subtype among patients with PTSD. Alternatively, increased thyroid activity and hyperarousal symptoms may be associated with phase-related characteristics in PTSD. Research strategies for further evaluation of these preliminary findings are discussed.

ISSN:0033-3174    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The concept of conversion disorder as a change in somatic function that symbolically represents an unconscious conflict is currently challenged in the literature.In this article, the author elaborates on the psychodynamic concept of conversion and defines its characteristics and mode of diagnosis. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated in a detailed case presentation of a brief, active psychodynamic psychotherapy of six sessions that led to the rapid disappearance of symptoms. In particular, the metaphoric meanings of the physical symptoms were interpreted and followed by an immediate disappearance of symptoms. The logic of this therapeutic approach and its implications as a transference cure are discussed in detail.

ISSN:0033-3174    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID