摘要:

Alprazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine, is the first of this new class of benzodiazepine drugs to be marketed in the United States and Canada. It achieves peak serum levels in 0.7 to 2.1 hours and has a serum half‐life of 12 to 15 hours. When given in the recommended daily dosage of 0.5 to 4.0 mg, it is as effective as diazepam and chlordiazepoxide as an anxiolytic agent. Its currently approved indication is for the treatment of anxiety disorders and symptoms of anxiety, including anxiety associated with depression. Although currently not approved for the treatment of depressive disorders, studies published to date have demonstrated that alprazolam compares favorably with standard tricyclic antidepressants. Also undergoing investigation is the potential role of alprazolam in the treatment of panic disorders. Alprazolam has been used in elderly patients with beneficial results and a low frequency of adverse reactions. Its primary side effect, drowsiness, is less than that produced by diazepam at comparable doses. Data on toxicity, tolerance, and withdrawal profile are limited, but alprazolam seems to be at least comparable to other benzodiazepines. Drug interaction data are also limited, and care should be exercised when prescribing alprazolam for patients taking other psychotropic drugs because of potential additive depressant effect

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Trazodone is a new antidepressant agent that was recently introduced in the United States. It has a unique pharmacological profile that is not typical of either tricyclic or monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants. As such it represents a new class of antidepressant drugs. The efficacy of trazodone has been clearly established in comparative studies with imipramine and amitriptyline. Major depression is the principal indication for its use, but good results have been shown in a wide variety of depressive subtypes. Of particular importance is the low frequency of adverse reactions seen with this drug.

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cinoxacin, a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis, has recently been approved for the treatment of initial and recurrent bacterial urinary tract infections. Although closely related to nalidixic acid, cinoxacin possesses some distinct characteristics: rapid attainment of therapeutic urinary concentrations and greater activity against strains of Enterobacteriaceae that cause urinary tract infections. Biopharmaceutical properties include serum protein binding of approximately 70%, 50–60% excretion of intact drug in the urine of patients with normal renal function, and an elimination half‐life of approximately one hour. The elimination half‐life is increased in patients with decreased renal function and when probenecid is coadministered.Adverse events occur infrequently and consist of nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and hypersensitivity reactions. The drug compares favorably with standard therapies for the treatment of bacterial cystitis and recurrent urinary tract infections. Initial studies demonstrate that cinoxacin has substantial efficacy as a prophylactic agent for those women who experience recurrent, symptomatic urinary tract infec

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The development of an intravenous form of nitroglycerin has further enhanced the role of nitrates in the therapy of cardiovascular disorders. This new preparation permits prompt initiation of therapy and rapid attainment of high systemic levels; because of its short half‐life, rapid dose titration is both feasible and safe. The antianginal effects of intravenous nitroglycerin are useful in the treatment of coronary vasospasm and unstable angina pectoris. Its hemodynamic effects are of benefit in the therapy of congestive heart failure and in the control of peri‐operative hypertension. Recent data suggest that, with appropriate monitoring, intravenous nitroglycerin can be safely administered to patients with evolving myocardial infarction to reduce the extent of myocardial dam

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty‐five patients whose hypertension was not adequately controlled with optimum doses of hydrochlorothiazide (50–200 mg) entered a long‐term study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oxprenolol hydrochloride (60–480 mg). All patients were included in the analysis of safety and tolerability, while the data of 26 patients studied for at least 22 months were used for a parametric analysis of efficacy. Mean standing systolic/diastolic blood pressure was significantly (p<0.001) reduced from 171/106 mm Hg to 142/85 mm Hg within three weeks of treatment. There was a similar reduction in supine blood pressure. All 26 patients were normotensive at the end of the titration period and blood pressure control was maintained for at least 22 months of therapy. Oxprenolol produced no serious adverse effects. The results of this long‐term study suggest that oxprenolol is effective, well tolerated, and safe in the treatment of thiazide‐resistant h

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1982.tb03200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY