ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb04530.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Theophylline is a bronchodllator and respiratory stimulant that is effective in the treatment of acute and chronic asthma, Cheyne‐Stokes respirations, and apnea/bradycardia episodes in newborns. It is also used as an adjunct in the treatment of congestive heart failure and acute pulmonary edema, but it has no established efficacy in patients with chronic irreversible airways obstruction. Benefits and risks from theophylline relate directly to serum concentration, which is a function of both dose and elimination characteristics of the drug in an individual patient. When used to treat acute symptoms, an initial loading dose based on a mean volume of distribution is required to rapidly obtain maximum bronchodilator effect. Because of large interpatient differences in elimination, constant intravenous infusion rates for continued therapy must be guided by monitoring serum theophylline concentration at intervals until a steady‐state serum concentration is reached within the 10–20 μg/ml therapeutic range. Intravenous, oral or rectal solutions and plain uncoated tablets are appropriate for acute therapy, while reliably absorbed slow‐release formulations offer therapeutic advantages for the management of chronic asthma, particularty in patients with rapid elimination. Dosage for long‐term therapy is determined by starting with low doses that allow virtually complete acceptance of the medication followed by gradual increases, if tolerated, at three day intervals until mean age‐specific doses are reached. Subsequent adjustment in dosage regimens are then based upon serum concentration measurements. Most clinical laboratories now measure theophylline, and newer systems have been developed to provide emergency results within minutes at a reasonable cost. In cases of theophylline poisoning, the drug must be rapidly removed to prevent life‐threatening toxicity. When serum concentrations are in excess of 60 μg/ml charcoal hemoperfusion dialysis may be indicated, even in the absence of obvious si

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb04531.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 6‐week double‐blind comparison of mianserin, a new antidepressant, and amitriptyline allowed us to explore the problem of demonstrating main effect differences in drug/drug trials when the focus is primarily only upon efficacy or upon common adverse symptomatology. Statistical analyses of standard psychiatric rating scales revealed no significant treatment differences, while both treatment groups exhibited significant parallel improvement across time. Examination of treatment emergent symptoms indicated that, while it evoked fewer anticholinergic symptoms than amitriptyline, mianserin exhibited a different profile of adverse symptomatology. The usefulness of a measure of the benefit/risk ratio was described as a means of clarifying drug/drug comparis

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb04532.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to characterize the analgesic dose‐effect curve of orally administered fendosal, relative to aspirin 650 mg and placebo. A total of 153 patients experiencing moderate to severe pain due to extraction of impacted molar teeth completed this two‐part, single‐dose, double‐blind, randomized trial. In part I, the possible treatments were placebo, aspirin 650 mg, fendosal 100 mg and fendosal 200 mg. In part II, fendosal 400 mg replaced the fendosal 100 mg treatment. A nurse‐observer collected subjective reports of pain intensity and relief at 30 minutes and hourly for eight hours. Fendosal 100 mg was not an analgesic dose but 200 and 400 mg were on the ascending portion of the dose‐effect curve. Fendosal 200 mg was superior to placebo and about equal to aspirin in total effect but not peak effect. Fendosal 400 mg was statistically superior to both fendosal 200 mg and placebo. Fendosal 400 mg appears to provide analgesia similar to that of aspirin 650 mg but with a substantially longer duration, Only a few mild side effects we

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb04533.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb04534.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY