ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1981.tb02537.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Amoxapine, a new antidepressant, exhibits both antidepressant and neuroleptic effects in laboratory animals and in humans. Evidence from human studies (extrapyramidal reactions, hyperprolactinemia, and galactorrhea), animal screening tests, and neurochemical experiments support the contention that amoxapine or a metabolite occasionally produces neuroleptic‐like effects. Amoxapine's neuroleptic activity may derive from 7‐hydroxy‐amoxapine, a minor metabolite in humans, which exhibits significant dopamine receptor‐blocking activity. Evidence for an early antidepressant effect of amoxapine in the treatment of depressive illness has not been consistently demonstrated. In comparable doses (roughly twice the dose of imipramine or amitriptyline), amoxapine appears to be similar to reference antidepressants in efficacy, unwanted effects, and acute t

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1981.tb02538.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Amiloride hydrochloride is a new, orally administered, potassium‐sparing diuretic with mild natriuretic and diuretic properties. Its primary site of action is the distal tubule of the nephron where it selectively blocks sodium transport, thereby inhibiting sodium‐potassium exchange. The mechanism of action of amiloride is independent of aldosterone. It is excreted unmetabolized in the urine and feces. Peak serum levels are seen at three hours, and the serum half‐life is six hours. The drug can probably be safely administered to patients with hepatic dysfunction but should be used cautiously, if at all, in patients with renal insufficiency. Amiloride is well tolerated, and serious toxicity is rare. It should prove useful in edematous states and hypertension. When amiloride is used in fixed combination with a thiazide diuretic the risk of hypokalemia is mi

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1981.tb02539.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Timolol, a nonselective beta‐adrenoreceptor blocking agent without intrinsic sympathomimetic or membrane stabilizing activity, has been shown effective in the treatment of angina and hypertension. It is particularly useful in patients with stable angina pectoris and patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In both of these conditions, timolol appears to be comparable to propranolol. A recent study has suggested that timolol reduces mortality and reinfarction rate in patients who have recently had a myocardial infarction. When given topically timolol reduces intraocular pressure in patients with open‐angle glaucoma; the drug may be used as the primary agent or as an adjunct to standard therapy.Careful selection of patients will reduce the frequency of adverse effects due to beta‐receptor inhibition. Thus, timolol should not be used in patients who are predisposed to asthmatic bronchitis or cardiac failure, and it should be used with caution in patients with peripheral vascular disease or diabetes mel

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1981.tb02540.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clindamycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has been used orally and topically in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Unfortunately, oral administration is associated with pseudomembranous colitis in up to 10% of patients; consequently, it is no longer a generally accepted form of acne therapy. Topical application is an effective, safer alternative. Topical formulations may be extemporaneously prepared or purchased as a pre‐mixed hydroalcoholic solution. Adverse effects associated with topical preparations are few and mostly minor. Topical clindamycin is also used in the treatment of erythrasma, rosacea, periorificial facial dermatitis, and folliculiti

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1981.tb02541.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Biogenesis of tetrahydrofolate cofactors essential for bacterial growth and survival is blocked by sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim. An intravenous form of the antimicrobial combination has recently been approved for the treatment of acute, symptomatic, bacterial pyelonephritis, recurrent urinary tract infections, shigellosis, andPneumocystis cariniipneumona. Intravenous sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim has emerged as an invaluable agent for the management of selected infections, including bacterial meningitis and Salmonella bacteremia, where limited therapeutic alternatives exist. In addition, co‐administration of intravenous sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim with a carboxypenicillin provides an empiric treatment for the infected granulocytopenic patient that compares favorably with standard combinations.Adverse events unique to the intravenous form of the drug consist of phlebitis and fluid imbalances. Fluid overload results from the relatively large volumes of 5% dextrose solution required as

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1981.tb02542.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1981.tb02543.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1981.tb02544.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY