ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Triazolam is a new triazolobenzodiazepine drug that is indicated for the treatment of insomnia. The usual adult dosage is 0.25 to 0.5 mg; for geriatric patients a dose of 0.125 to 0.25 mg is recommended. Triazolam is readily absorbed and quickly eliminated with a half‐life of 2–5 hours, making it the shortest acting benzodiazepine available in the United States. Sleep laboratory and non‐laboratory clinical trials found triazolam 0.25 and 0.5 mg effective in inducing and maintaining sleep. It remained effective in laboratory studies of up to one month duration and non‐laboratory studies of up to six months duration when the drug was administered nightly. On discontinuation disturbed sleep for one or two nights was observed in some studies. Triazolam impairs performance for several hours after administration. However, unlike benzodiazepines with long‐acting metabolites, triazolam is relatively free of daytime residual effects, which is attributable to its short half‐life. Overall, triazolam is an effective and safe compound for the symptomatic treatment of insomnia

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chronic administration of nitroglycerin may have important therapeutic effects in patients with angina, acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and peripheral vascular disease. Because of unpredictable oral absorption and short duration of action, topical preparations provide an alternative mode of administration. New controlled release transdermal preparations appear to produce constant plasma nitroglycerin concentrations of 0.2–0.3 ng/ml that persist for up to 24 hours. Additional clinical trials of the therapeutic response to this drug form are necessary, particularly in regard to the relative hemodynamic efficacy and side‐effect profile of sustained vs. fluctuating plasma nitroglycerin concentrati

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease is unknown and specific therapy is unavailable, enough information on existing empiric agents is availble to allow rational therapy. These agents include sulfasalazine, steroids, immunosuppressive drugs, metronidazole and cholestyramine.Sulfasalazine is a two‐part molecule that depends on bacterial cleavage in the colon to deliver locally acting 5‐aminosalicylate, whose mechanism of action may relate to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. The other half of the molecule, sulfapyridine, is responsible for most of the side effects of the drug. While the efficacy of sulfasalazine in the treatment and prevention of attacks of ulcerative colitis is well established, its use in Crohn's disease appears to be limited to patients with active colitis and ileo‐colitis. Sulfasalazine is of major benefit in preventing relapses in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission. New formulations of 5‐aminosalicylate may allow delivery of the apparently active moiety to the small bowel and colon without concomitant sulfapyridine toxicity.Corticosteroids are highly effective in acute attacks of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's ileitis and ileo‐colitis; the mechanism of antiinflammatory action remains speculative. However, maintenance therapy with steroids is ineffective in preventing relapses or recurrent attacks of either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Steroid enemas allow topical administration to patients with distal colitis and proctitis with few systemic side effects. In children with growth failure associated with active Crohn's disease, amelioration by steroid therapy may actually restore normal growth.Immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine are of little value in active Crohn's disease when administered alone; however, in combination with other agents they may help diminish steroid dose, close fistulae and prevent relapse. Their mode of action likely depends on long‐term cytostatic effects on immune effector cells. Concern for leukopenia and the development of late malignancy has limited their use to patients not responding to other therapies.Metronidazole, an antimicrobial agent that is effective against anaerobes, has recently been shown useful in Crohn's disease involving the colon and perianal area. Its mechanism of action is uncertain, but may be related to its antibacterial actions on anaerobes.Cholestyramine can be successfully used to control bile salt‐induced diarrhea in Crohn's patients with terminal ileal resections.Effective drug therapy of inflammatory bowel disease is only part of a total program of management including reassurance, frequent explanations, well‐timed use of surgery, and an unders

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Our purpose was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of single oral doses of flurbiprofen 25, 50 and 100 mg, aspirin 600 mg, and placebo in the relief of moderate to severe post‐episiotomy pain. One hundred and fifty‐two evaluable patients completed a randomized, double‐blind, stratified, parallel groups study. They were observed over a six hour period by one nurse‐observer. Based upon each of the summary efficacy measures SPID, TOTAL and PEAK % and most of the hourly direct measures of pain intensity and pain relief, each of the four active treatments were statistically superior to placebo. Flurbiprofen 25 mg appeared to be slightly less effective than aspirin 600 mg, but the differences were not statistically significant. Flurbiprofen 50 and 100 mg were quite similar and were significantly more effective than aspirin 600 mg and flurbiprofen 25 mg. There were no observed or reported adverse

ISSN:0277-0008    

DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY