摘要:

This bibliography is compiled by cardiologists from the journals listed at the end of the publication. It is based on literature entered into our database between March 1, 1994 and February 28, 1995 (articles are generally added to the database about two and a half months after publication). In addition, the bibliography contains every paper annotated by reviewers; these references were obtained from a variety of bibliographic databases and published between the beginning of the review period and the time of going to press. The bibliography has been grouped into topics that relate to the reviews in this issue.

ISSN:0268-4705    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0268-4705    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We review three new classes of antihypertensive drugs: imidazolines, monatepil, and neutral endopeptidase inhibitors. Imidazolines are a new generation of central acting drugs. Because of their greater affinity for imidazoline receptors rather than (α2-adrenoreceptors, they cause less fatigue and dry mouth than the older central acting drugs. Monatepil is a single drug with both calcium antagonist and peripheral α1-antagonist properties. This agent not only lowers blood pressure but also lowers serum cholesterol, an effect mediated by its α-antagonism, and has anti-lipid peroxidation properties. Monatepil might become an effective antiatherosclerosis drug. Neutral endopeptidase inhibitors lower blood pressure by inhibiting the metabolism of atrial natriuretic peptide and other vasoactive peptides.

ISSN:0268-4705    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hypertension is associated with the remodeling of left ventricular geometry and abnormalities of function that may precede geometric changes. Rather than a specific disease, “hypertensive heart failure” is a spectrum of disorders that result from left ventricular geometric changes and comorbid conditions. Heart failure may present as abnormalities of diastolic or systolic function, although symptoms (dyspnea, fatigue) and physical findings (edema, rales) may be similar.

ISSN:0268-4705    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients with diabetes mellitus are particularly vulnerable to cardiovascular disease. Although structural and functional myocardial complications are present in patients with diabetes alone, they are particularly severe in patients with both diabetes and hypertension. Considerable evidence-both in experimental animal models and in humans-points to hypertension as of critical importance in the pathogenesis of severe diabetic heart disease. In diabetic hypertensive cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease as well as structural and functional abnormalities are more pronounced than would be expected from either process alone. The myocardial damage is attributed mainly to hypertension, whereas the myocellular dysfunction is attributed mainly to diabetes. Together, the consequences to the myocardium are devastating. Strict control of the hypertension and diabetes may have an ameliorative effect on the subsequent development of diabetic heart disease.

ISSN:0268-4705    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Evidence fromin vivo, in vitro,and genetic studies suggests that the reversal as well as the development of left ventricular hypertrophy do not depend solely on hemodynamic load; other factors are involved. Several humoral agents that may affect mitogenesis of cardiac myocytes and nonmyocitic elements have been identified, including the local renin-angiotensin system, norepinephrine, endothelins, transforming growth factor β insulin-like growth factor, bradykinin, prostaglandins, and nitric oxide. Animal studies using various models of left ventricular hypertrophy are beginning to suggest that reversal of hypertrophy may decrease mortality, improve coronary flow reserve, and maintain cardiac performance. Studies in humans are less supportive, and more are needed before it may be concluded that reduction of left ventricular mass decreases the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with cardiac hypertrophy.

ISSN:0268-4705    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Myocardial infarction remains the single most common cause of death in patients with essential hypertension. This becomes particularly evident when the hypertension is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. To combat the continuing high mortality from myocardial infarction in hypertensive heart disease, however, all aspects of the relationship must be studied. Thus, addressing the interface from an epidemiological standpoint as well as from a pathological point is critical and progress in these areas as well as in areas of management are ultimately likely to lead to a fall in morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease in patients with hypertension.

ISSN:0268-4705    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the past two to three decades, the practice among hypertension specialists has been to lower blood pressure with the strong assumption that morbidity and mortality would be reduced. This was largely based on large clinical trials done in the 1960s and 1970s that did not include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or calcium-channel blockers. Performing large clinical trials is expensive and the results often do not apply to individual patients. Until recently, noninvasive methods to monitor end-organ effects of elevated blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors were limited. The development of high-resolution ultrasound and evolving magnetic resonance technology will allow early detection of heart and blood vessel changes and will make monitoring of the progression and regression of disease possible. This will allow better selection of treatment programs for each patient.

ISSN:0268-4705    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The endothelins, 21-amino-acid peptides produced by the endothelium of blood vessels and many other tissues such as the kidney, brain, endocrine organs, etc., are potent vasoconstrictors, and are also endowed with mitogenic and cell hypertrophic properties. Endothelin may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension through vascular, renal, endocrine, and neural effects. Although many studies have been performed to test the hypothesis that these peptides have a pathophysiologic role in hypertension, it is only recently that evidence has been found of enhanced production of endothelin-1 in some models of hypertension, particularly in blood vessels in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats. Vascular responses to endothelin-1 have been shown to be normal or depressed in many models of experimental hypertension, and also in humans with essential hypertension. Elevation of blood pressure and development of vascular hypertrophy is blunted in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats treated chronically with endothelin receptor antagonists. Spontaneously hypertensive rats do not overexpress vascular endothelin, and do not exhibit a hypotensive response to chronic endothelin receptor antagonism. Malignant spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate and salt exhibit vascular overexpression of endothelin-1 and respond to endothelin antagonists with lowering of blood pressure. A genetic role of components of the endothelin system has been suggested in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. In human essential hypertension, there is as yet little evidence of activation of the endothelin system. A role of endothelins in hypertension is thus becoming increasingly apparent in severe forms of experimental hypertension, but further studies are required to establish whether these peptides are involved in the human disease.

ISSN:0268-4705    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The natriuretic peptide family consists of three members: atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and C-type natriuretic peptide. Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides possess similar effects, causing natriuresis, vasodilation, and suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. C-type natriuretic peptide has been suggested to exert its predominant effect on the vasculature, eliciting vasodilation and inhibiting the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Numerous studies have broadened our current knowledge of the regulation of natriuretic peptide gene expression, biosynthesis, and secretion, as well as structure of specific receptors. This has led to a better understanding of the renal, cardiovascular, and endocrine actions of natriuretic peptides in both normal and pathophysiological states, including hypertensive disease. Development of nonpeptide neutral endopeptidase inhibitors and antagonists for natriuretic peptide receptors may reveal the range of potential therapeutic application of atrial and other natriuretic peptides in hypertension.

ISSN:0268-4705    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID