ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980050302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSkin cancer, the most frequently occurring of all cancers, shows an encouragingly high rate of cure if detected early and treated properly. Etiologies of nonpigmented and pigmented premalignant lesions and malignant lesions are discussed, where known, with solar exposure frequently cited. Criteria for diagnosis are discussed; however, the clinical similarity of some malignant lesions to premalignant or nonmalignant conditions makes excision necessary in order to establish a definitive diagnosis—when in doubt, take it out. Treatment ranges from close observation of certain nevi to complete lesional destruction at the initial treatment. Prevention is also stressed, with “suntan parlors” coming under some indictment. Overall, the paper emphasizes early detection and points out that even some melanomas undergo a biologic period when metastasis is unlikely and the melanoma is curable if detected and adequately treated during this p

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980050303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBreast screening for cancer has increased the survival for women over age 50 as well as those younger than 50 years old. The 13‐year average follow‐up period disproves the claim that the survival gain is due to lead‐time bias. The information brought forth in this presentation proves that higher‐risk women must be screened in order to reduce the constant death rate from breast

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980050304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHead and neck cancers are discussed in four categories: oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and salivary glands. The incidence of head and neck cancers varies with the site of the lesion and ranges from the most common area of involvement, the lip, to those of the nasopharynx, which are extremely rare. The exact etiology of most of these malignancies has not been determined, but an association has been made with many factors, such as immune impairment, environmental (tobacco, chemical, radiation), and genetic. With few exceptions, the cure rate is excellent when these lesions are diagnosed early and initially eradicated completely. Early signs and symptoms are discussed, and guidelines are given for performing examinations to detect early cancers.

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980050305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGynecological malignancies constitute 14% of cancers in women. Failure to control disease is most frequently related to delays in diagnosis, which may be corrected through renewed efforts at patient and physician education as well as the use of diagnostic techniques currently available.

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980050306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLung cancer incidence is increasing. Survivability has increased over the last few years particularly in certain subsets and has also been shown to increase with early detection. Chest X‐ray and sputum cytology have been the mainstays of screening programs. Although survival is increased, overall mortality rates seem unchanged except in certain subsets. Whether the addition of serum markers or use of monoclonal antibodies, automated cytological, and computer‐aided techniques will show decrease in mortality remains to be documented. We recommend yearly chest X‐rays, sputum cytology in high‐risk patients, i.e., age greater than 65, greater than 20 year history smoking, other significant carcinogenic exposure. Serum markers, monoclonal antibodies, and advanced, automated cytology methods are yet to be tested and therefore should be considered in clinical tria

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980050307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTumor markers include a broad range of substances expressed at different levels and in different biochemical forms. Bence‐Jones protein, carcino‐embryonic antigen and alpha‐fetoprotein are recognized as some of the earlier utilized markers.Recent technologic advances have led to the development of a variety of serum tumor markers, tumor markers in body fluids, tissue tumor markers, and genetic tumor markers, such as protoonco

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980050308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractColorectal carcinoma will occur in some 147,000 Americans this year. This disease accounts for 15% of all cancers and 12% of all cancer deaths. Screening for colorectal carcinoma may allow the disease process to be found earlier and, in some situations such as when polyps are found and removed, may even prevent the disease. The two main modalities of screening are fecal occult blood tests and sigmoidoscopy. By general screening of asymptomatic patients as well as by selective screening of those at high risk, there is hope that the incidence and mortality of this cancer will diminish. Absolute confirmation of this benefit is still lacking, making the evaluation of the cost‐effectiveness of this screening somewhat questionable. Current educational efforts are designed to increase compliance and to help solve some of these unanswered question

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980050309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProstate cancer is the second most common malignancy in American males and the third leading cause of cancer deaths in this population. There are no symptoms that are unique to early prostate cancer, and nearly one‐half of patients will have metastatic disease at diagnosis. Because of its tremendous impact upon the health and well‐being of the American male population, and the importance of early diagnosis in curability, there is keen interest in the development of effective screening procedures that are highly sensitive, specific, and cost‐effective. Rectal examination serves as the historical control. The serum tumor markers of prostate cancer, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), are sensitive but relatively nonspecific in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The use of transrectal ultrasound as a screening tool is highly controversial but suffers from a similar lack of specificity. As yet, no diagnostic tests, alone or in combination, have proven to be of practical value in screening for prostate cancer. Fundamental but unanswered questions about the natural history and the high incidence of “latent” disease also obscure the issue of early diagnosis of prostate cancer and its impact

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980050310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevention and early detection of cancer programs can double the survival rate in the next 5 years. For many programs it will cost more dollars than savings realized. Only through education can government, insurance carriers, and individuals realize that the value of these far exceeds cost when compared to cost of so many lifestyle things of temporary value.

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980050311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY