ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980070402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOur expanding knowledge of the immune system has provided a basis of rationality for immunotherapy. Some non‐specific immunotherapy has achieved the status of standard treatment: interferon in hairy cell leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCG in bladder cancer, and levamisole in colon cancer adjuvant therapy. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, moreover, offer a level of specificity heretofore unknown. Combined with the newly available synthetic cytokines that regulate the normal immune system there is the potential for a major breakthrough in biotherapeutics. Problems remain. We have yet to identify tumor antigens with the precision necessary for effective immunotherapy. Indeed, we have no assurance that tumors will regularly synthesize new antigens. In the broad spectrum of immune deficiency syndromes, we have yet to see an increase in the common epithelial tumors that account for the great bulk of human cancer. This suggests that we still have a great deal more to lear

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980070403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConventional treatment for metastatic melanoma consists of surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. New approaches toward treatment of this disease include the development of passive and active immunotherapeutic regimens. Malignant melanoma is particularly amendable to immunotherapy since the tumor is relatively immunogenic, expressing unique cell surface protein and lipid antigens. Clinical trials investigating the benefit of active specific immunotherapy documented increased survival of invasive Stage 1 and metastatic Stage 2 melanoma patients following immunization with tumor cell vaccines and BCG. Additional trials showed that the development of specific antibodies after immunization of Stage 2 patients with a viral oncolysate was correlated with an increased survival compared to matched controls given only BCG. Passive immunotherapy approaches using either lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells or tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) administered with interleukin 2 have also resulted in regression of disease with complete or partial remissions occurring in 25% of the patients. Additional studies have focused on the generation of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by stimulation with autologous tumor in vivo. Future trials will evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of these specific cytologic T lymphocytes relative to LAK and

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980070404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this seminar, we describe 1) the immunogen TAA used for lung cancer immunotherapy and the immunogen TAA used for colon cancer immunotherapy, 2) the methods used in the administration of these immunogens in clinical trials of specific active TAA immunotherapy, 3) the results of clinical trials of specific active immunotherapy for lung cancer and for colon cancer patients, 4) the results of immune response monitoring evaluations, and what they indicate, and 5) the way in which certain drugs, selected for their action in the immune system, may be synergistic with specific active TAA immunotherapy, in combination therapy, especially for resected patients of later stages.

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980070405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA brief history of immunotherapy for breast cancer is presented, with emphasis on how theories developed as the field of immunology became more sophisticated. Non‐specific therapies, such as Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin, levamisole, interferon, interleukin, and others are reviewed. A form of cell‐specific immunotherapy is then presented, and some current results are summarized. Problems and proposals for the future development of immunotherapy for breast cancer are then pre

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980070406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral different approaches to the application of specific active immunotherapy for the adjuvant therapy of melanoma have developed independently. Specific active immunotherapy refers to autologous or allogenic inoculation or transplantation of tumor cells or cell products into patients with cancer. Several different types of tumor vaccines have been studied and have been combined with different immunotherapeutic modalities. This report will include a review of several of those different techniques and will also review the observed 5‐year survival rates for a melanoma tumor homogenate (concentrated) vaccine, developed by L.J. Humphrey and colleague

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980070407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImmunotherapy of metastatic renal adenocarcinoma (RCC) is currently an alternative to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin has been associated with a 22% response rate in small series, but no large‐scale clinical trials have been completed. Transfer factor, in combination with other immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic compounds, has a reported 13% incidence of response. Tumor vaccines have caused clinical response in only 5% of patients while monoclonal antibodies have produced partial remission in one of nine patients. Immune RNA has been associated with a 14% overall incidence of response. Tumor necrosis factor has not as yet been studied in any large‐scale clinical investigations but preliminary studies are not promising. Leukocyte‐derived and recombinant interferons alone have produced responses in 10–20% of patients with tolerable toxicity. Combinations of interferons or with cytotoxic chemotherapy have produced slightly improved responses with short duration and substantial toxicity. Adoptive immunotherapy using Interleukin‐2 alone, or with IL‐2 plus lymphocyte‐activated killer cells, or tumor infiltrating lymphocytes or interferons have produced clinical responses in 10–30% of patients treated. Combinations of specific forms of immune therapy may hold promise for better rates of clinical resp

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980070408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLymphocyte blastogenesis (LB) with PHA, CON‐A, PWM, VII(homologous tumor extract) plus T/B ratio for pre‐IT, post‐IT (2 months), and 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months prior to each VIIbooster are reported. Pre‐IT and post‐IT LB‐PHA were similar for Stage I (ST I) or Stage II (ST II) breast cancer (BC) patients who expired or survived. The pre‐booster results were similar except that prior to death, stimulation with PHA decreased. Melanoma (MM) patients LB‐PHA pre‐IT showed less stimulation for ST I patients than for ST II patients (survivors and expired). LB‐CON‐A and LB‐PWM showed similar results with slight variations. When compared to survivors, LB‐VIIfor BC patients who expired showed no stimulation. MM patients showed different results in LB‐VII. T/B ratios for BC patients during the first 3 months showed 72% normal (N), 14% below N, and 14% above N for survivors and 40% normal (N), 60% below N, and 0 above N for expired. MM T/B ratio were not remarkable. LB anamnestic response to immune stimulation evaluated in 16 of the 62 BC and 10 of 81 MM patients showed increased peak levels over trough for survivors and a decrease for expired. The significance of data as in vitro correlates of cli

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980070409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMuch remains to be learned about the immune response in human neoplasia both in a phenomenological sense and in its therapeutic possibilities. Recruitment of immune response mechanisms in the defense against cancer development and in the cure of advanced disease, though theoretically sound, remains to be proven in demonstration of both its phenomenological and clinical efficacyThe most important steps in this regard will require an analysis of those mechanisms that may truly be active in human cancer. Their enhancement and effective delivery to various tumor sites, then reliable monitoring, and proof of their efficacy will be necessary to accomplish before any conclusive statement can be made as to the usefulness of immunotherapy in the treatment of genitourinary neoplasia and of human cancer in general.

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980070410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:8756-0437    

DOI:10.1002/ssu.2980070401

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY