ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450360602

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe presently‐available analogies for turbulent flow inside smooth round tubes are reviewed in detail; an empirical coefficient in the most promising equation is evaluated experimentally using the first heat transfer data of high accuracy obtained in the region of Prandtl numbers above 100. The final correlation is based on both heat and mass transfer data, and covers Prandtl (or Schmidt) numbers from 0.46 to 3,000. Up to Prandtl or Schmidt numbers of 600 the results are correlated with a standard deviation of 9.4

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450360603

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPreviously derived equations describing compressible flow have been rearranged in terms of known downstream conditions to facilitate determination of unknown upstream conditions. A 650 I.B.M. computor was used to solve the simultaneous equations numerically to permit construction of convenient design graphs in parametric form. Use of these graphs will eliminate a tedious trial and error computation formerly necessary with presently available methods when the upstream pressure and temperature are to be determined in gas flow problems. Application to design is illustrated by a worked sample.

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450360604

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince World War II, the development of jet propulsion engines has fallen into two main categories, i.e. air breathing devices which include the turbojet and ramjet engines, and the rockets which use solid or liquid fuels. A brief review is given of the history and operating principle of each type.The use of fuel energy for power release in jet propulsion engines is based on rate of change of momentum as the fuel is burned either with oxygen or other oxidizer. The basic power and thrust equations are presented. From these equations it is shown that high heat of combustion, ΔH, is the most significant fuel property for air breathing engines, but other properties including molecular weight of the products of combustion and temperature of combustion become equally significant for the rockets. Other desirable properties for chemical fuels are listed.Candidate chemical fuels having higher energy release than hydrocarbons (with oxygen) are tabulated. It is shown that hydrogen, beryllium and boron hydrides have significant potentiality. Hydrogen is difficult to use. Beryllium chemicals are very toxic. Consequently, the boron hydrides and their alkylated compounds show exceptional promise. The properties of these are listed

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450360605

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of gas and liquid flow rates and of seal height on the absorption of carbon dioxide in water have been studied. The gas bubbles were formed from 1/16 in. orifices, with both single and multiple hole arrangements.Bubble frequencies were measured using a high speed motion picture camera and are reported graphically as a function of gas flow rate. At high flow rates, considerable breaking up of the bubbles was observed.Because of the difficulty of estimating interfacial areas, the transfer data were reported using the product of the transfer coefficient and the interfacial area, KLa. For single orifices KLa was found to vary directly with the gas rate, was only slightly dependent on liquid rate and was almost independent of seal height after due allowance for end effects. With multiple hole plates having 5/8 in. spacing, there was no appreciable change in the transfer rate per hole until the hole density exceeded 1.5 per square inch, after which the rate decreased slightly.End effect contributions to transfer are also reported.

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450360606

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFundamental studies on the kinetics of formation of chlorine dioxide have led to an hypothesis concerning the mechanism of the reactions involved. This has lead to improvements in the manufacture of this important bleaching and oxidizing agent. Older processes have been made more efficient and some new ones have been developed.A new process, patented by the author and assigned to Electric Reduction Co. of Canada Limited in Canada, and to Hooker Chemical Corporation in the United States, employing sodium chlorate, sodium chloride and sulphuric acid as raw materials, is outlined. Recent improvements in the Mathieson, Solvay and Day‐Kesting processes are reviewed, as well as the new Columbia‐Southern modifications of the Persson process.Trends in absorption tower design, in materials of construction and in bleaching with chlorine dioxide are briefly indica

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450360607

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the Catalytic Reforming Process for upgrading naphtha feedstocks to high octanes using a regenerable platinum catalyst. Particular reference is made to the Powerforming Process developed by Esso Research and Engineering Company and in use by Imperial Oil Limited.The various types of fixed bed units are described and a simplified flow plan of a typical Powerforming Unit is illustrated. The general operation of the unit is discussed as well as the primary reactions involved in catalytic reforming. Operating conditions are listed and some product yields and quality are shown in a table for various feedstocks.Regeneration is required to reactivate the catalyst by burning off carbon and sulphur compounds laid down during the oil cycle. A general description of how this is carried out on a unit containing a swing reactor is outlined.

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450360608

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper discusses progress made and problems associated with the manufacture of chemically pure cellulose from wood. The yield of pure cellulose which can be obtained from any wood species is limited by the chemical composition of the wood starting material. An examination of the chemical composition of various native wood species emphasizes the special potential of the genus Populus. Improved yield and good economy of manufacture of cellulose depends on the development of purification processes which are effective on less thoroughly digested wood. Conditions are developed for the most effective way of carrying out extraction of raw pulp with hot caustic soda. These include very high consistencies and very short times at high temperatures. The best conditions for extraction with strong caustic soda at low temperature are also reviewed. The need for properly designed equipment for both these processes is stressed. The special problem of removal of mannan is discussed. Two objectives are put forth: a more economical cellulose with today's standard of purity and chemically pure cellulose from wood.

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450360609

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMeasurements have been made of the settling rates of uranium trioxide‐water slurries in the range of 100 to 800 grams per litre at temperatures of 25° and 53°C. The applicability of several equations proposed by others to relate the rate of hindered settling to surface area, concentration and viscosity has been examined. It is shown that the data are best fitted by an empirical equation similar to one proposed by Allison and Murray for zinc, aluminum and magnesium oxide suspensi

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450360610

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450360601

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY