摘要:

AbstractA rapid graphical technique has been developed for characterizing the distribution of components in the distillation separation of multicomponent hydrocarbon mixtures. The characterization consists of specifying the minimum number of theoretical plates required to effect a given separation at a definite “cut‐point” temperature. These parameters may be ad directly from a plot of the measured distribution of components against their boiling points on a special form of graph paper.The new graphical technique has been employed evaluate a wide range of actual refinery separations including those from crude towers with multi‐sidestreams. In all cases a single straight line could used to represent the separations obtained.A number of calculations have also been carried but to show the distribution of components at minimum reflux. In these cases, sigmoid curves are obtained when the distributions are plotted on the special graph paper. The central portions of these curves, however, remain almost straight and represent the poorest separations between components. This fact has been used to develop a graphical correlation for quickly estimating the minimum reflux required to accomplish the specified sep

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA general method has been developed for the calculation of equilibrium compositions of chemical systems containing gases and solids. The method is a steepest descent search for the minimum of the free energy of the system. It makes no assumptions regarding reactions taking place between the various species in the system, nor is there a limit to the number of solid species that can be included in the search. The only information necessary is the free energy as a function of temperature of all species that can be present under the given conditions.The method is particularly useful for calculations on small sized computers, such as the Bendix G‐15‐D for which it has been programmed. It has been found to have several advantages over published methods(1, 3).The searching method described can also be used for a variety of other problems, e.g. computation of changes in equilibrium composition with temperat

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA technique is presented for the determination of chemical kinetics of multiple reaction systems from differential reaction rate data. All rate constants, activation energies, and reaction orders of the system are simultaneously fitted to all the data, using the methods of linear and nonlinear least squares. A desk calculator is practicable for systems involving ten or fewer unknown kinetic parameters. The method is especially useful for reversible reactions, since there has been no simple technique for the joint measurement of parameters of the forward and reverse reactions. The calculation is illustrated with a numerical example.

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study of the interchange of hydrogen ion with various cations across polystyrene sulphonic acid ion‐exchange membranes has been made. The effects of membrane exchange capacity and crosslinking, solution concentration, temperature, counter ion valence and size on mass transfer rates were determined. The results indicated that ion and water transports across the membrane were dependent on the membrane water content, the ion concentration of the membrane, and the membrane ionic form. The mass transfer rates were relatively insensitive to change in external solution concentratio

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDanckwerts suggested that the effect of incomplete mixing on homogeneous reactions could be described by the statistical concept ‐ intensity of segregation. The present experimental study supports use of this concept and presents a correlation in terms of a mixing variable, rp

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe last paper in this capsule pipelining series described investigations of the flow of equal‐density capsules transported by water in a horizontal pipe. In the present study, attention was directed to the flow of capsules with specific gravities in the range of 1.19 to 8.30. As before, capsules were used with diameter ratios of 0.39 to 0.89, and length to diameter ratios of 2 to 14, both flat and ellipsoidal end shapes being included.With water velocities greater than about 3 ft./sec., the larger diameter capsules moved at velocities up to 15% greater than the average water velocity, the actual values depending mainly on the capsule diameter and density. The velocity ratio, capsule velocity/‐average water velocity, typically increased with either increase of diameter or decrease of density, other factors being constant.Longer capsules moved more slowly than shorter ones of the same diameter and density at low water velocities, but the velocity ratio of the longer capsules increased more rapidly than that of the shorter capsules at higher water velocities. An ellipsoidal nose materially increased the velocity of smaller diameter capsules but the effect on the largest diameter capsules was small.The reduction of the effects of density and surface roughness at the higher capsule velocities suggests the formation of a thickening film of water under the capsule as its velocity increa

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHigh‐density coordination polyethylene was blended with finely‐divided, rigid, low‐cost fillers. Compounding was accomplished by Banbury mixing. The purpose was to achieve cost reduction on a unit‐volume basis.For each of the five fillers investigated, the effects of filler concentration on the flexural stiffness, tensile strength, tear resistance, and melt index of the filled compound were investigated. These compounds were observed to exhibit a considerable increase in stiffness (threefold or more) over that of the polymer itself, at the expense of reductions in tensile yield point, tear resistance, and melt processibility. Little if any reinforcement appeared to exist in the compounds inves

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVapor‐liquid equilibrium data are presented for the binary benzene‐2‐propanol and the ternary benzene‐cyclohexane‐2‐propanol systems at 760 mm. of Hg. The equilibrium data are correlated with the van Laar and three‐suffix Margules equations and a small ternary constant was found to be necessary for the satisfactory description of the ternary data. A ternary minimum azeotrope was found to be 14.2 mole % of benzene, 47.4 mole % of cyclohexane, and 38.4 mole % of 2‐pro

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY