摘要:

AbstractCapital cost correlations are given for electric and gasoline motors, steam, gas and combustion‐gas driven turbines, power transmission units and power converters. Correlations available in the literature and current data are compared on a consistent basis. Thirty‐eight graphs show the relative magnitudes of the different correlations and the recommended correlation for each type of equipment is summarized in a ta

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450530401

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe spreading rate of a thin film of a liquid on the horizontal surface of an immiscible liquid substrate is calculated by an approximate quasi‐steady analysis. Spreading is assumed to be driven by the combination of gravity and interfacial forces. Dimetryl siloxane fluids of various viscosities were permitted to spread uni‐directionally on the surface of water in a rectangular channel. The measured rates were in reasonably good agreement with the theoretical val

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450530402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe break‐up of a stationary viscous liquid cylinder surrounded by an immiscible viscous liquid contained in a circular tube by capillary forces at the fluid interface is considered.It was found that the maximum growth‐rate parameterf* depends uponη'/η, the ratio of the viscosity of the inner liquid to that of the outer liquid and a/S, the ratio of the radius of the inner liquid cylinder to that of the tube. Bothf* and corresponding wavelength parameter (2πa/λ)* have been calculated theoretically; measured values of both parameters are in good agreement with the

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450530403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method is presented for predicting the pressure gradient required to transport a cylindrical capsule through a liquid‐filled pipeline. It is based upon a coefficient of lubricated friction which is obtained experimentally by pulling a capsule by a string through the liquid‐filled pipe. A simplified method for measuring this coefficient and relating it to the capsule pressure gradient is propo

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450530404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree methods for predicting the in situ liquid volume fraction for the upward flow of gas‐liquid mixtures in inclined pipes have been tested against available data from the literature. Combined with the results of an earlier paper, a total of seven methods have been compared.It is demonstrated that for angles of up to 10°, pipeline inclination has little effect on the predicted holdup. Correlations arc recommended for use under specified conditio

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450530405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe repulsion forces between latex particles determine the stability of the latex. These may be estimated by determining, by a filtration method, the minimum pressure required to initiate coagulation. This minimum filtration pressure, when corrected for the resistance of the filter, was found to be independent of the pore size of the filter and of the amount and concentration of the latex. Experiments were conducted with both film‐forming (styrene‐butadiene) and non‐film forming (styrene) latexes.The method provides a simple and convenient means of assessing the colloid stability of suspensions of larger particles. With model, monodisperse latexes the method permits the comparison of measured interparticle forces with those predicted by theory. The minimum coagulation pressure and the electrophoretic mobility curves correlate well when plotted against pH or electrolyte concentration. A maximum in the minimum coagulation pressure curve occurs at 10−3M NaCl. The critical pressure increases with an increase in the concentration of nonionic surfactant (C18E50) while the mobility de

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450530406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractParticle segregation data at low gas velocity, near the minimum fluidizing velocity, are presented for particles of different size (150 to 2800 μm) and density (720 to 2800 kg/m3) in a fluidized bed. Phase diagrams similar to those of liquid‐solid systems are developed to present the results. The data were collected in a 100 mm diameter unit operating at pressures up to 660 kPa and a 114 mm diameter unit at atmospheric pressure.The particle segregation data were obtained to provide design and operating criteria for a two‐stage. i.e., an agglomerating combustor/gasifier and a devolatilizer/desulfurizer, fluidized bed coal gasification process to produce low heating‐value gas (890‐1350 K‐cal/m3) for power generation. The data indicate that the criteria for particle separation can be achieved if the operating gas velocity is close to the minimum fluidizing velocity of the dense particles, that is, agglomerated ash, and spen

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450530407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analysis is made of the turbulent Graetz problem with viscous energy dissipation effects in pipes with uniform wall beat flux. The effects of viscous dissipation on fully developed Nusselt numbers are studied for fluids with Prandtl numbers 1, 10, 102, 103for Reynolds numbers between 5 × 103and 5 × 105with both cooling and heating conditions at the pipe wall. The viscous dissipation effects on convective turbulent heat transfer in arctic hot oil pipelines are discusse

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450530408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperimental investigations of the vapor nucleation characteristics of single cavities under conditions of both uniform and non‐uniform superheat of the adjacent liquid are described and discusse

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450530409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn investigation has been made of gas absorption characteristics in unstable vertical slug flow. The process studied was the absorption of hexane from an inert carrier gas into paraffin oil. Gas‐phase properties were varied by use of nitrogen, helium and Freon‐14 as carriers, while variation of liquid‐phase properties was achieved by using light and heavy paraffin oils and their mixtures. Absorption efficiencies were high, ranging from 0.75 to 0.99 The values depended not only on operating and system variables, but also on absorber geometry with a distinct discontinuity being observed when the overall mass transfer efficiency was plotted against absorber length H. This discontinuity was particularly marked for the heavy paraffin oil and was found to be related to the variation of slug surface area with H. Flow rates and system properties were found to affect the mass transfer coefficients and a comparison of experimental values with those predicted by the penetration theory suggested that not all the slug surface area was effective in mass tra

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450530410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY