摘要:

AbstractThe possibility of employing ion‐exchange diaphragms for caustic‐chlorine cells was investigated. Caustic soda of low salt content was produced by batch and by continuous electrolysis of sodium chloride in a two chambered cell separated by a polystyrene sulphonic acid cation‐exchange diaphragm. Caustic soda solutions as high as 41% by weight and containing less than 1/10 of 1% sodium chloride were obtained directly from the electrolysis cell.Measurements also were made to determine the effect of cell operating variables on the energy consumption for this electrolytic process. A marked dependence of energy efficiency on ion‐exchange diaphragm properties, current density, and concentration of caustic soda solution produced was observed. The experimental data were graphically correlated to allow practical interpr

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450410302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResults of drainage experiments using a laboratory hand sheet machine and model nylon fiber suspensions are presented and discussed. The discussion is concerned with the measurement of two general parameters of the turbulent drainage theory, previously published as Part I of this study, and the ability of the theory using these measured values to predict nylon suspension drainage characteristics over a wide range of conditions. In addition, results of drainage tests with groundwood and sulphite fractionated stocks are discussed in terms of the application of this theory to natural fiber suspensions.In general, it was found that, in the realm of practical papermaking represented by high machine speeds, drainage resistance is proportional to the square of the filtration rate and the turbulent pressure drop concept applies.

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450410303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe rate of droplet settling and mass transfer are known to be quite sensitive to small quantities of surface active impurity present in the interface. The purpose of this paper is to examine critically several of the models used for predicting the rate of inhibited Stokesian settling and to compute the rate of mass transfer from the surface of a slowly settling droplet in the presence of surface active impurities which are distributed over the surface.

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450410304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSettling velocities of coal particles falling by gravity in a mineral oil have been measured for particle sizes ranging from 80 to 2,000 microns, at slurry porosities of between 0.6 and 1.0. Velocities for the latter figure correspond to the terminal velocities of single particles.The terminal velocities were found to be within 25% of the predicted values for spheres and could, for Reynolds numbers less than 0.2, be related to the particle size (d) by the equationV=Kd2,15.The settling velocities of the slurries, which were all in the laminar region, are shown to be related to the slurry porosity (ε) by the theoretical equation of Maude and Whitmore, namelyV= V Oε n, whereVois the terminal velocity. Values ofnbetween 6.5 and 7.5 were

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450410305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe disturbance caused by the development of channels and chains of bubbles through gas fluidized beds has been studied using a local gas injection technique. The average disturbance formed was measured using a γ‐radiation absorption technique supplemented by pressure drop and bed expansion measurements.The channels or close chains of bubbles were found to persist through the bed to a height dependent on bed conditions and the energy of the gas flow through the disturbance. The disturbance then degenerated into larger bubbles which tended to coalesce, grow and become more widely separated. The rate of increase of disturbance diameter was inversely proportional to the square of the estimated gas flow velocity through the disturbance. Bubble spacing increased through the upper elements of the disturbance. It was concluded that the resistance to flow of escape gas through this part of the chain was increased and that this caused an increase in gas residence time corresponding to the observed increase in resident void volume in the upper elements of the disturbance.The channel or close chain of bubbles provided a low resistance path by which gas readily escaped. In shallow beds at incipient fluidization the path readily reached through to the bed surface and reactant gasses may largely bypass the bed under these conditions and the bed cease to be fluidiz

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450410306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe flow behavior of coal‐in‐oil suspensions at velocities up to ca. 20 ft./sec. has been investigated in a one‐inch d. experimental pipeline. Detailed data are presented for a bituminous and a subbituminous coal (effective size70% w/w.At flow velocities greater than 2 ft./sec. and coal concentrations below 50% w/w, the suspensions were found to move as relatively homogeneous (or quasi‐homogeneous) fluids, and pressure gradients followed the usual friction factor/Reynolds number relationship. But no satisfactory correlations could be established for flow at50% w/w coal. In the latter case, laminar flow obtained at all velocities and the suspended particles tended to concentrate near the pipe axis (and to move along it as a definite ‘core'’. One effect of this phenomenon is a substantial reduction in the apparent viscosity of t

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450410307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperimental work was carried out for the study of convection heat transfer of fluid confined between two horizontal plates. The rheological properties of the fluid can be described by Ostwald ‐ de Wael model. The results as expressed in terms of dimensionless groups were successfully correlated by the following expression:\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ Nu = 0.0832N_{Ra}^{\,\,\,\,0.324} N_{Pr}^{\,\,0.084} N^{1.75} $$\end{document}The Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers are defined in the generalized sense with the flow behavior index,N, being considered as a correcting factor for the deviation from Newtonian behavio

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450410308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450410309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450410310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450410311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY