摘要:

AbstractIn order to estimate the effect of velocity profile and radial diffusion on conversion in tubular reactors the assumption of Taylor diffusion is adopted. This leads to equations which are simple, but because of the numerical instability of these equations they are approximated to by a cell model in order to obtain numerical results. It is shown that the cell model can be a very good approximation to the one dimensional diffusion equation. If the Taylor diffusion model is valid for systems involving chemical reaction and heat transfer it may be concluded that while there seem to be no gross effects in a tubular turbulent reactor there are differences in detail, such as maximum temperature at the hot spot, which may be important.

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRates of dissolution of cast solids in a baffled agitated vessel were obtained for the systems: Benzoic acid‐water, o‐salicylic acid‐water, benzoic acid‐22.5% acqueous glycerol and benzoic acid‐41% aqueous glycerol. A new continuous technique was developed for the measurements, and the data were empirically correlated by the method of least squares with the equation\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \frac{{k_L^{\,\,{\rm o}} l}}{D} = 0.402\left({\frac{\mu }{{\rho D}}} \right)^{1/3} \left({\frac{{rd^2 \rho }}{\mu }} \right)^{0.65} $$\end{document}with a mean deviation of ± 5.8%.The present data agreed qualitatively with the predictions of the turbulent boundary layer theory.Reaction factors,kL/kL°, were also measured in the agitated vessels for the systems: Benzoic acid‐aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions, benzoic acid‐aqueous potassium hydroxide solutions, and o‐salicylic acid‐aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions. The data were found to depend strongly on the ratio of the reactant concentrations,CB/CA6, in a manner quantitatively predicted by the boundary layer theory corrected for ion‐diffusion effects.Reaction factors were also measured in diaphragm‐type diffusion cells for the system benzoic acid‐sodium hydroxide. The results provided quantitative support for the ion‐diffusio

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSome of the possible applications of high‐speed motion picture photography in the study of two‐phase, two‐fluid flows are outlined. These include measurements of ripple or wave velocities in annular flow and bubble velocities in bubble and slug flows. Qualitatively, the motion pictures permit better understanding of the interactions between the two phases.The equipment being used in the present photographic study of vertical flow of oil‐water mixtures is described. A 16‐mm. “Fastax” high‐speed motion picture camera having speeds to 8000 frames/sec. is being used in these studies. Auxiliary equipment includes a high intensity light source and a timing pulse generator.In the oil‐water system being studied, bubble groups and bubble clusters are formed which rise at approximately constant velocities. Very little effect of bubble size on the velocity of the bubble was noted except in a few instances where the bubbles appeared to be close to the wall. Preliminary results of the effects of superficial oil and water velocities on the bubble velocity are presented.Some other photographic techniques which might find application in the analysis of two‐phase

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method is described for the determination of ternary liquid‐liquid systems. The approach is based upon a combination of the lever rule and the measurement of a physical property which is a function of composition. The method has been tested upon the system toluene‐water‐acetic acid at 25 ± 0.05° and found to yield results in agreement with literature values. A possible modification of the method‐which may be necessary in systems where tie‐lines are essentially parallel when expressed on the usual weight per cent basis

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEfficient continuous methanolysis using an alkaline catalyst is achieved in the simple system described.At 100°C., in one hour, a volume of oil equal to six times the free volume of the reactor is converted to methyl esters

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHazards of materials of construction in machinery used for manufacture of explosives depend on the explosive which is being handled by the machinery. Thus one has to consider the combination material/explosive as well as material and explosive themselves, in assessing hazards. Several types of hazard can occur viz., due to sparks, friction, impact or heat. For a given material the most likely factors that will influence its hazard depend on the type of hazard, e.g. for spark hazards important factors are: static pick‐up of material and explosive, conductive properties and spark confinements; for impact hazards: hardness, surface roughness, elasticity, presence of cavities, confinement offered and area of contact; for frictional hazards: hardness, friction coefficient and thermal conductivity. For purely thermal hazards, only flammability need be considered.In impact and friction the chemical action between material and explosive may play an important role. In all cases the sensitivity of the explosives themselves to the particular type of action, has to be taken into consideration. In accidental mishaps the type of hazard is often a combination of impact and friction, and requires a special test method.In this paper the literature on some aspects of all of the above hazards is reviewed. Experimental results of frictional and frictional impact tests are discussed from a theoretical point of view. A number of results of particular interest, e.g. for aluminum alloys, coated steel and non‐metallic materials are presen

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450390401

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY