摘要:

AbstractPrevious work on binary and multicomponent systems containing hydrogen sulphide or n‐butane is briefly reviewed and the anomolous behavior of the hydrogen sulphide with hydrocarbons and of the n‐butane with non hydrocarbons is noted.Experimental equipment suitable for studying the phase behavior of simple or complex mixtures is described. The novel features include a new method for obtaining equilibrium between phases, for sampling, and for locating the meniscus between phases.Experimental data have been obtained for the n‐butane‐hydrogen sulphide system at seven temperatures between 100°F. and 275°F. and pressures up to 1165 p.s.i.a. A tendency toward azeotropic behavior was observed but an azeotrope was never fully developed.Equilibrium ratios for hydrogen sulphide and n‐butane were calculated at convergence pressures of 1000 p.s.i.a. at 240°F. and 800 p.s.i.a. at 275°F. The results agreed well with those determined from generalized correlations. It is concluded that the presence of hydrogen sulphide does not influence the behavior of n‐butane abnormally at the temperatures and pr

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA novel modification of the Polanyi potential theory is proposed which allows the correlation of adsorption equilibrium data of pure gases on charcoal. The range of temperatures and pressures covered extends from values corresponding to a saturated liquid to regions well above the critical point of the gas. The method has been applied successfully to equilibrium data forCO, N2,A, CO2and the lower aliphatic hydrocarbons on activated carbon. The possibility of extending the correlation to other adsorbents is briefly discussed.

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA general model for the saturated vapor‐pressure‐temperature relationship is presented. The development of this model centered on the discovery that, on the basis of a constant latent heat, the volume change in vaporization can be described with a simple function of pressure. This relationship substitutes into the Clapeyron equation to give an integrateable form. The resulting model is simple, thus it is readily adaptable to computer use, and tends to be inherently reliable as the critical is approached.Constants evaluated for water gave an equation which predicts pressure with 0.2 mean percent error and limited range equations with 0.04 or l

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSingle plastic and aluminum spheres of five different diameters transported by water in a laboratory pipeline travelled at velocities from 4% to 8% greater than the average water velocity when the latter was more than 2 ft./sec. and the diameter of the spheres was over half the pipe diameter.A short high‐speed photographic investigation showed that the percentage of sliding experienced by the spheres of both materials increased both with increase of water velocity and decrease of sphere diameter, and that it was considerably greater for the plastic spheres. However, motion was predominantly by rollin

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simplified method has been developed for the determination of the activation energy of a heterogeneous reaction having linear kinetics.The thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate has been used as an example and it has been shown that when the logarithm of the weight loss per unit area of powder compacts is plotted against the reciprocal of absolute temperature, for a run done with a linear heating rate, a linear relationship is obtained. When the logarithms of the heating rate and the absolute temperature are included, results for a variety of heating rates can be completely correlated. Heating rates of less than 5 degrees per minute are recommended.An activation energy of 48.4 ± 2 kilocalories per mole has been estimated for the decomposition reaction and 7 ± 3 kilocalories per mole for the formation reactio

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a fluidized bed, particles of different size are subject to a force imbalance that promotes segregation. However, in conventional gas‐fluidized systems this tendency is masked by the high solids mixing rates that exist. The addition of packing or baffles permits the use of high aspect ratios and also restricts large‐scale solids movement. As a result, segregation is more pronounced. Experiments have been carried out to assess the extent of segregation occurring in gas‐fluidized systems containing an open‐ended cylindrical screen packing. The degree of segregation has been found to depend on gas flow rate and bed height. Some rate studies have also be

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour specific factors, concerned with the geometry and frictional effects of a cylindrical capsule flowing freely in a liquid‐filled pipe in which the liquid is in laminar flow, have been investigated numerically. The factors are: axial displacement of the capsule from the concentric position, end configuration and length of capsule, deformed circular cross‐section and frictional effect between the bottom of the capsule and the inside pipe surface. The effect which axial displacement has on any dynamic variable, e.g. capsule velocity, was found to be a uniformly increasing one for up to 90% of the total possible displacement. Beyond 90% displacement the effect was relatively much more pronounced.Friction was found to decrease capsule velocity uniformly: as the friction force was increased a critical value was reached for larger capsules which resulted in a rapid decrease to zero. The effect of end shape on velocities and flow rates was found to be negligible, although there was a considerable change in flow pattern. Deformation of the capsule, i.e. deformation through a vertical cross‐section, caused little effect for 10–20% deformations, beyond which there was almost a linear increase of percentage deformation with pressure gradient required to maintain the same capsule velocity. The rate of increase itself increased with the proximity of the capsule to the pi

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFollowing van Heerden, it has been shown that the adiabatie empty tubular reactor in which an exothermic chemical reaction is carried out may exhibit multiple temperature and concentration profiles along its axis. The existence of these multiple steady states may be predicted from a steady state analysis alone. Whether these steady states are stable in the sense that a given state is restored when slightly perturbed cannot be determined by a rational analysis since the prerequisite mathematical apparatus is not available. A transient analysis of the full non‐linear equations shows that some states may be unstabl

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe behavior of circular cylinders moving singly through water under the influence of gravity was studied with a motion picture camera over a range of particle. Reynolds number extending from 70 to 2400. The terminal velocity was determined for each particle and its drag coefficient was evaluated.AtRe‐greater than 300, and in some cases as low as 80, the particle acquired a secondary motion, consisting of an angular oscillation about its mean orientation and a periodic lateral deviation from its mean path of fall. A resultant dependence of the drag coefficient on particle density was found to occur. A theoretical method of predicting the period of particle oscillation was developed from consideration of variations in the location of the front‐surface centre of press

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe reaction rate constant, and the relative adsorption coefficients of steam and butadiene, were determined during the dehydrogenation of n‐butylenes over calcium nickel phosphate catalyst.The calculated conversions from the integrated rate equation are in agreement with the experimental values obtained in a small reactor and with pilot plant data.A method for estimating the conversions in commercial units at different operating conditions has been indicate

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450420411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY