摘要:

AbstractCapital cost correlations are given for units supplying utilities: steam, refrigeration, cooling and treated water, electricity. Correlations available in the literature and current data are compared on a consistent basis. Thirty‐two graphs show the relative magnitudes of the different correlations, and the recommended correlation for each type of equipment is given. Some factors are given on the costs of installing the package unit

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450570501

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn experimental study of the effect of operating conditions on the characteristics of a hydro‐filter (Marble bed scrubber) has been performed. There are stable operating regions of a hydro‐filter with respect to the gas flow rate, the packed bed height and the height of an overflow pipe above the bed.The total pressure is mainly composed of the pressure drops in two sections, the packed section and the bubble section. The pressure drop in the packed section can be estimated from the correlation for a cocurrent gas‐liquid upward flow packed bed given by Turpin ad Hunti

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450570502

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn experimental study has been carried out to investigate the turbulent flow behaviour of dilute polymer solutions in an annulus. The polymers used are two grades of Separan, AP30 and MG500, both are known to exhibit drag reduction characteristics in turbulent pipe flow. Similar drag reduction phenomena have been observed in annulus flow. At a given Reynolds number, the friction factor decreases with increase in polymer concentration and appears to reach a minimum (or maximum drag reduction) at certain optimum concentration. An estimate of the critical wall shear stress, which marks the onset of drag reduction, is consistent with pipe flow results, suggesting that the critical value is independent of flow geometry and size. A lower drag reduction, achieved in an annulus in comparison with circular pipes, is attributed mainly to a diameter effect.

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450570503

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of the gas and liquid flow rates on the gas‐phase mass and heat transfer rates in turbulent gas streams in wetted‐wall columns with cocurrent and countercurrent gas‐liquid flow was studied. The experiments were carried out on the adiabatic vaporization of water into a turbulent air stream under both conditions of rippling and no rippling on the surface of the falling liquid film. The experimental results showed that the effect of the gas and liquid flow rates on the mass and heat transfer rates are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions and that the effect of the rippling on the mass and heat transfer rates can be negl

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450570504

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effectiveness f of the intetfacial area of the static hold‐up for absorption with a chemical reaction in a packed trickle bed depends upon both the hydrodynamics and the chemical kinetics. The dependence of f on operating conditions is investigated for a general [m,n] order kinetics, for a liquid phase controlled absorption process. The chemical reaction is assumed to be fast. The results are presented graphically for n>0. Analytical expressions are developed for the special case of n =

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450570505

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperimental results are presented on the separation of trace quantities of charcoal particles from salt crystals in a counter‐current fluidized cascade, for a range of paddle velocities extending over two decades. Interpretation of these data suggests that longitudinal diffusivity D is a function of horizontal convective velocity vH. The dependence of D on vHis attributed to mechanisms similar to those occurring when a pulse of soluble dye is suddenly injected into a solvent flowing in a pipe or a capillary, a situation first analyzed by Taylor(1,2).Experimental measurements were also made on the dispersion of a thin vertical layer of tracer material, following fluidized channel flow, using the same materials and conditions as were used in the fluidized cascade experiments. These data confirmed the general form of the dependence of D on vHfound with the cascade, but yielded much lower values. The reasons for the discrepancy are not known, and further work is required to clear up this discrepanc

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450570506

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of Sodium, Cadmium and Hydrogen ions on the surface excess of the collector, Dodecylbenzenesulfonic group, DBS”, were examined using an elaborated Langmuir correlation. Gouy‐Chapman's electrical diffuse layer model for estimating the cations, colligend ions, Cadmium and Sodium ions, to be concentrated on a bubble surface was found to be applicable for the aqueous CdCl2‐DBSNa, Cd(NO3)2‐HNC2‐DBSNa and CdCl2‐HCl‐DBSNa solution systems. The behaviour of Sodium ion in the diffuse layer and the selective adsorption coefficient for the solution system containing Cadmium and Sodium ions was also studied, showing a preferential adsorption of divalent ion in the

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450570507

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperimental crystallization of alumina trihydrate from Bayer's process caustic solutions was performed at different temperatures and sodium hydroxide concentrations to obtain equilibrium concentrations of sodium aluminate. A first correlation is presented to predict the equilibrium state, and a second one for estimation of equilibrium concentration from initial crystallization conditions. This last equation can be utilized for mathematical models for industrial crystallization of alumina trihydrate. Results indicate equilibrium concentrations of alumina trihydrate which are 17% higher than those obtained experimentally from synthetic solutions and 10% higher than those from other types of industrial solutions. The apparent growth rate constant of particles has been evaluated for each experiment: results correlated by an empirical relation show that this constant is not only a function of temperature.

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450570508

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn efficient procedure for solving the steady‐state adsorption model (SSAM) or oxidation‐reduction model (REDOX) equations is presented for batch, plug flow and backmix syst

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450570509

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReproducibility of response characteristics and parameters derived therefrom, and adequacy of the Kubin‐Kucera model for pulse chromatography were investigated experimentally using the physisorption of methane and ethane on silica gel. Reproducibility was found to be excellent, while the agreement of predicted and observed effects of velocity, particle size, temperature and bed length on model parameters confirmed the adequacy of the model. Agreement of the pore diffusivity and the adsorption equilibrium constant with values measured by other techniques provide further support for the model. Rearrangement of model terms shows that the rate coefficient for physisorption and the mass transfer coefficient cannot be measured using chromatograph

ISSN:0008-4034    

DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450570510

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY