摘要:

AbstractComparative study shows that the functional relationship between inorganic nitrogen application and rice yield is strikingly different in the United States as compared to India. As a result, the optimal level of fertilizer application and the financial returns to use of fertilizer are much lower under Indian conditions than American conditions. Since extensive enquiry suggests that this contrast is due to differences in the research input, it indicates the efficacy of substantial research effort in India in the biological sciences if fertilizer is to provide the basis for a substantial and continuous rate of growth of production.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236479

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between changes in market structure and changes in market conduct and performance. It presents evidence as to whether grocery chains have through direct and indirect competition, improved the performance of food processing industries. In bread markets, they do not seem to have done so, at least with respect to selling costs. For bread prices, the evidence differs by region with Pacific markets showing the least improvement. Nationwide, private label bread price savings represent only a small part of the total competitive benefit consumers may reasonably expect in bread markets. The recent behavior of grocery chains in bread markets is not consistent with the broader public interest in effective price competition and efficient industrial organization. There is a need for further research into the competitive relationship between grocery chains and their supplier industries.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236480

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents an analytical model which has been used to discover systematic relationships in the complex area of consumer acceptance and product differentiation. A method is developed for quantifying the concept of product differentiation and empirically observing the degree of differentiation of competing brands. The model also provides a basis for assessing the relative importance of “brand effect” and display exposure as determinants of fluid milk sales in retail food stores. Analysis of the data presented indicates that product differentiation is an important determinant of sales and that scale economies in promotion may be important.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236481

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article analyzes the results of an empirical study for a multistore farm supply cooperative with respect to several criticisms of statistical cost functions. It shows that combining time series and cross section data in an analysis of covariance allows one to avoid the regression fallacy and provides an implicit test for the fallacy, thus avoiding one of the most damaging criticisms of cost curve fitting. Further consideration, however, validates Friedman's criticism that statistical cost curves lack identifiability. It is postulated that Hoch's development of the covariance model for production functions to avoid simultaneous equation bias in certain instances also holds for cost curves. It is argued that this is an empirical question depending on the specific circumstances, and, in general, fitting a statistical cost curve is not a test of those cost curves postulated in the theory of the firm.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236482

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study concerns the estimation of discounted, probable cost savings of undeveloped harvesting machinery as a means of determining the maximum financial support warranted for a particular research program. Production and cost standards for future mechanization are synthesized from engineering data. The probability of developing such machinery is estimated through use of the Pascal distribution for a population where variables can take on one of two values: success (1) or failure (0). The particular problem involved is development of mechanical harvesting for olives.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236483

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper asks the question: To what extent did the aggregate nature of previous studies of technological change determine their results of major efficiency increase, little of which is explained by capital increase? Past literature offers little help in measuring the effect of aggregation. One viable approach is contained in the two questions: Will the technological change index be biased by aggregation? Is aggregation covering significant variation? These questions are answered for U.S. agriculture at four levels of aggregation from 12 counties in the Corn Belt to the entire agricultural sector. Domar presented a theoretical solution to the bias question, and the present evidence supports the conclusion that little bias is involved in the aggregation.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236484

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article discusses methodological problems involved in attempting to measure the impact of weather on crop yields. The weather index approach is advanced as a more appropriate analytical technique than multiple regression analysis. Attempts to analyze the role of improvements in technology have been greatly hampered by the year‐to‐year fluctuations in yields due to weather. Several techniques have been used to assess the impact of weather on agricultural output. The multiple regression approach, most suited to studies at the micro‐level of crop yield‐weather relationships, has been used on an aggregate level as well. The difficulties involved in specifying appropriate variables and functional relationships as well as problems of aggregation limit its usefulness at this level.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236485

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe economic effects of water resource development projects may be more fully appraised by taking account of land value changes. An estimate is made of the anticipated land increment of a planned project, based on an analysis of value changes near existing TVA reservoirs. The estimated values of the land effected are found to vary, depending on site and locational characteristics. The value increases, in the case examined, are substantial and are due mainly to the value of the project as a recreational and amenity resource, although not all of the recreational benefits are thereby calculated. The results and methods used should have relevance to discussions of repayment policy, planning, management, and operating decisions, and in assessing the impact of other kinds of public investment.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236486

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236487

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236488

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY