摘要:

AbstractRules are proposed to help determine whether a production function maintains flexibility under parametric restrictions required to impose homogeneity, homotheticity, and forms of separability. After imposing restrictions and applying the rules, many second‐order “flexible” forms are found to be more inflexible than formerly believed.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242994

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents econometric tests of whether mean returns on agricultural assets have been higher or lower than those on comparable‐risk assets in nonagricultural capital markets. The tests are based on alternate maintained hypotheses that the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) or the arbitrage pricing theory (APT) characterize nonagricultural asset returns. Results indicate that mean returns to farmer‐operators have been lower than those to owners of comparable‐risk nonagricultural assets and that mean returns to farmland owners have been higher than those to owners of comparable‐risk nonagricultural assets.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242995

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA nonparametric analysis of separability in agricultural production technology was conducted using state‐level data. Both deterministic (exhaustive search) and stochastic (measurement error) tests were performed. The empirical findings do not rule out a reasonable amount of data aggregation, both among inputs and among outputs. The nature and extent of the justified aggregation varies widely among states, supporting the notion that the structure of agricultural production varies in important ways across states.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242996

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe introduction of modern crop varieties in Punjab, India, led to rapid income growth. Adoption rate and level of the new varieties is examined using a choice‐of‐technique approach, in which techniques of production are identified by crop variety, season of growth, and method of production. Modeling the dynamic effects of technology, resource availability, and incentives reveals a consistent picture of the transition process. The results show the importance of incentives and availability of quasi‐fixed inputs such as irrigation, fertilizers, and roads. By the late 1970s, the long‐run aggregate supply elasticity was between 1.3–1.5.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242997

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper evaluates the welfare implications of the irrigation‐induced technological change in rice production, based on the conceptual framework of Hayami and Herdt and using a modified formulation of the problem. The analytical model used incorporates demand and supply shifts, provides exact measures of changes in consumers' and producers' surpluses, and examines the implications for distributive justice in terms of impacts on incidence and severity of poverty and inequality in income distribution. The results of the analysis suggest that irrigation‐induced technological change would significantly promote distributive justice.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242998

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEmpirical studies of pesticide productivity have often concluded that the value of marginal product of pesticide exceeds marginal factor cost despite anecdotal and other evidence to the contrary. This article presents estimates of pesticide productivity derived from alternative functional specifications of pesticide involvement in production. Results suggest that explanation of the magnitude of pesticide productivity estimates obtained in empirical studies may lie somewhere other than with functional specification.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242999

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDamage control affects both realized output and product quality; ignoring quality leads to underestimates of damage control agent productivity. Empirical analysis of pesticide use in North Carolina apple production using the damage control approach shows that fungicides and pruning reduce both yield losses and quality degradation, while insecticides reduce quality damage. Quality accounts for substantial shares of profit‐maximizing insecticide and fungicide use. Use of both insecticides and fungicides appears excessive, while the potential for substitution between mechanical and chemical disease control appears large. A Cobb‐Douglas specification of the quantity production function gives substantially larger estimates of fungicide productivity than the damage control specification.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243000

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMeasures of scale elasticity and rate of technical change can be obtained nonparametrically in the Sandmo model of competitive firms with nonlinear risk preference responding to output price risk. Information on risk attitudes is not needed for measurement of scale elasticity because it is observable as the ratio of average to marginal cost, as in certainty models. The cross section of panel data sets can be used to develop a nonparametric marginal cost measure, which permits identification of scale elasticity; the technical change measure then follows from the scale measure and the time‐series portion of the panel data set.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243001

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMaterial prices have risen in food manufacturing, resulting in material productivity growth. This study estimates material productivity indexes for New Jersey's food‐manufacturing sector. A 21% material productivity growth is indicated for the 1964–84 period. The mechanism of material productivity growth is also investigated. Results suggest that greater material efficiency is encouraged by rising material prices, wage rates, and regulation, and by declining food prices. Short‐run impacts on material productivity are caused by input substitution; beyond‐the‐short‐run impacts are caused by material‐saving technological change. In some food‐manufacturing subsectors, higher material prices may bring lower revenues to material suppliers.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243002

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn econometric method of estimating implicit revenue with a policy switching mechanism is proposed for supply response analysis. The model develops important linkages between farm program instruments and commodity market equilibrium and allows evaluation of supply response decisions under conditions of major policy shifts. The econometric procedure developed here is applied to the U.S. rice sector to determine program compliance/noncompliance decisions under three alternative rice program periods. A change in farm prices was found to affect significantly producers' net returns and participation rate. Results indicate price impacts on acreage planted are inelastic for program participants but elastic for nonparticipants.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243003

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY