摘要:

AbstractDeterioration and changing use patterns of the rural road system have coalesced into difficult policy decisions for local government officials. One option for consideration is abandonment of some low‐volume roads. A model is developed, using utility maximization and Pareto‐optimal criteria, that allows identification of policy criteria for abandonment. The criteria are empirically estimated and 4% to 12% of the roads were found to be good candidates for abandonment without a net social loss.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243150

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhat are the social welfare implications of using the wrong discount rate to allocate an exhaustible resource? Utilizing a simple numerical model, it is found that, over the (real) discount rate range of 6% to 9%, the welfare losses of employing a rate no more than 3% different from the social rate are small and decline as the social rate rises, even for stringent supply circumstances. However, substantial transfers of surplus between producers and consumers occur as the improper rate deviates from the social rate. Other issues such as income distribution immediately loom larger when a discount rate is chosen.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243151

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper analyzes two elements in explaining and prescribing the level of cost‐reducing “public good” inputs in agriculture: the distribution of political influence and the economic properties of markets. The incidence of costs/benefits of alternative cost‐sharing arrangements between taxpayers and producers is compared to the social optimal and competitive outcomes. Although one group could lose, we focus only on situations of a Pareto improvement. The model predicts why some sectors have relatively more public versus private research funding and why the degree of underinvestment varies across sectors. The observed underinvestment in agriculture may be due to the political power of farmers, inelastic demand, and highly productive public good inputs.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243152

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPublic policies are the equilibrium outcome of a cooperative game among interest groups and the policy maker. This study stresses the interdependence between policies and players' bargaining strengths and derives their comparative statics with respect to a changing economic environment. It also provides a specification of behavioral equations consistent with the underlying bargaining process. An analysis of the political economy of food and agricultural price policies in Senegal illustrates the proposed framework.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243153

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEconomic welfare analyses of farm programs typically assume that the direct social opportunity cost of subsidy payments is one dollar per dollar of government spending. Recent literature suggests that the marginal opportunity cost of a dollar of U.S. federal government spending is more likely to be in the range of $@@‐@@1.20 to $@@‐@@1.50. This implies that the net social costs of farm programs that involve government spending are significantly greater than the typical estimates. In addition, the normative efficiency ranking of alternative policies is sensitive to the marginal opportunity cost of government spending.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243154

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe firm's response to revenue‐neutral taxation is investigated under price uncertainty. Revenue‐neutral policies adjust simultaneously the marginal tax rate and the level of exemptions while keeping expected tax receipts constant. Nonincreasing absolute risk aversion is sufficient to sign the firm's response: a reduction in the marginal rate causes the firm to contract output. Implications are established for the equilibrium level of treasury receipts.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243155

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents support for long‐run monetary neutrality based on evidence that individual time series for money, manufacturing prices, and agricultural prices are nonstationary but cointegrated, with a stationary proportional long‐run relationship among their levels. Dynamic simulations from a vector error‐correction model with this restriction imposed show that monetary shocks shift relative prices in favor of agriculture in the short run and permanently raise nominal prices. Manufacturing price shocks have similar long‐run effects but initially place agriculture in a cost‐price squeeze, while agricultural price shocks are transitory and have little impact on the other series.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243156

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStochastic dominance analysis of two tillage systems, conventional tillage and no‐tillage, for five crop rotations, wheat‐fallow, grain sorghum‐fallow, continuous wheat, continuous grain sorghum, and wheat‐grain sorghum‐fallow, shows that risk‐averse managers prefer a conventional tillage wheat‐sorghum‐fallow system. Small changes in production costs or yields lead to indifference between this system and the no‐tillage wheat‐sorghum‐fallow and no‐till and conventional wheat‐fallow systems. Participation in the basic government commodity program generally increases average net returns and lowers variation of returns. Government commodity program payments calculated under a variety of scenarios do not generally encourage the use of no‐till practices for grain sorghum and wheat in the central Great Plains.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243157

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA production system modeling tool is developed that implements recent work on autoregressive and endogenous stochastic production technologies associated with generalized Fechner‐Thurstone (GFT) optimizing functions. A GFT‐class production system is used to evaluate the empirical support for technology specifications inherent in the neoclassical theoretic structure of an agricultural production region. Little likelihood support is found for zero serial correlation, elimination of systematic technology changers from the production system, strict neoclassical production technologies, Hicks‐neutral technical change, or zero homogenous factor demand functions.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243158

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing data only on aggregate variable input use and land allocation, this paper suggests a methodology for allocating variable input use among crops and improvement of regional crop budget information. Two approaches for estimation of variable input allocations among production activities are examined. One relies on behavioral rules whereby input allocations follow accepted rules of thumb. The alternative approach is derived from profit maximization where input use responds instantaneously to changes in input and output prices. The behavioral rules dominate instantaneous response to prices in explaining the data analyzed in this paper and suggest the validity of a simple behavioral approach for developing enterprise budgets and cost of production estimates.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243159

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY