摘要:

AbstractTo evaluate conventional methods for modeling the role of natural resources in economic activities, this analysis reviews the specific attributes of past and current neoclassical models that included natural resources, considering both micro analyses of extractive firm behavior and aggregate optimal planning models, and examines conventional assumptions about constraints to economic activities including both the availability of production materials and the absorptive capacity of environmental resources. An optimal allocation of natural resources (all the original endowments of the earth) requires a conjunctive management strategy so that both the rates of extraction and waste generation are considered.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239426

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs a result of widespread dissatisfaction with rising property tax burdens, state governments are being called on increasingly to provide property tax relief. Numerous tax reform proposals are being considered by the various states. The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical framework for evaluating the potential impacts of alternative approaches to property tax relief. Applicability of the fiscal model is demonstrated using three alternative tax relief proposals—increased state funding of elementary and secondary education, revenue transfers for a general reduction in property taxes, and a circuit breaker to ease excessive property tax burdens.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239427

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe net profits and grocery prices of large food chains were found to be positively and significantly related to market concentration and a chain's relative market share. The results refute the notion that higher profits for dominant firms in concentrated markets are due to efficiency and lower costs. Increased profits in noncompetitively structured markets accounted for about one‐third of the increase in prices. Higher retailer costs in noncompetitive markets appear to stem from inefficiencies and cost increasing forms of competition.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239428

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDomestic pricing policies are a major cause of instability in international commodity markets. The modification of such policies could be a viable alternative to buffer stocks in providing stability. A theoretical model of price intervention is developed to show how common forms of intervention destabilize the world market price. A stochastic econometric model is used to show, first, that most countries in the world wheat market have policies which destabilize the wheat market, and, second, that the modification of such policies would prove as effective as a buffer stock policy in stabilizing the wheat market.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239429

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study documents the extent of savings in representative rural households in South Korea during 1962–76. A technique for measuring permanent income from cross‐section data is used to estimate marginal savings behavior. The results show that households saved a remarkably large part of their incomes. During the late 1960s these savings were, on the margin, about one‐fifth of permanent incomes and about four‐fifths of transitory incomes. Authors also conclude that useful measures of permanent and transitory income can be estimated from cross‐section data.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239430

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA restricted profit function is used to estimate jointly the profit and factor demand functions from farm‐level, cross‐sectional data for Mexican wheat varieties in the Indian Punjab. The main focus is analysis of fertilizer demand. The results indicate that output price is a more powerful policy instrument than fertilizer price to influence fertilizer use, output supply, and returns to fixed farm resources, that producers attain allocative efficiency, that education of the farm people contributes significantly to agricultural production, and that profit function is a suitable concept for empirical analysis and interpretation.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239431

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper draws out the implications of equilibrium in a two‐product, two‐factor model for elasticity of product supply, which is found to depend upon input supply elasticities, alternative product demand elasticity, elasticity of substitution between production inputs, relative factor intensity of the product, and relative importance of the product in its use of resources. These factors interact in a complex manner to determine supply elasticity. The author discusses related approaches of Buse, Muth, and Powell and Gruen, and considers several simplified examples in an attempt to provide an intuitive grasp of the workings of the model.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239432

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper provides a method for formulating linear programming models in which one or more factors have upward sloping supply schedules, and the prices of these factors are to be endogenously determined at either their competitive market equilibrium values or at the levels set by a monopsonist. The method for achieving these results utilizes the sum, over the relevant factor markets, of the producers' and consumers' surplus, and is an extension of existing methods for solving price endogenous models of product markets.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239433

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForward pricing is a primary role of livestock futures markets. A semi‐strong form test of efficiency examines whether or not the prices in a market reflect all publicly available information. An econometric forecasting model is constructed to serve as a norm against which to test futures market forward‐pricing abilities. Utilizing alternative methods of evaluation, results demonstrate that the live‐hog futures market cannot be relied upon to reflect accurately and consistently subsequent cash prices; hence, it is inefficient.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239434

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA detailed theoretical model characterizing the individual's decision to purchase flood insurance is specified and the magnitude of the risk parameter is estimated using data based on transactions of flood insurance purchases. Empirical results for several samples of this subset of the general population indicated that consumers exhibited a relatively uniform degree of risk aversion across various localities where different hydrologic and economic conditions prevailed. While the estimates presented should not be directly extrapolated to the entire population located in a flood prone area, they provide evidence that parameters determining an individual's and/or community's willingness to pay for flood protection can be measured.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1239435

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY