摘要:

AbstractThis analysis suggests that alteration of the reconstituted fluid milk pricing provisions of federal and state milk market orders would have a substantial impact on market equilibrium. A reactive programming model of the U.S. milk market was used to simulate the effects of altered reconstituted fluid milk pricing policy. The solutions indicate that reconstituted fluid milk, as a lower cost alternative to fresh fluid milk, would make up a substantial portion of the fluid milk consumption in some markets.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240866

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInternational prices are modeled as Cournot equilibrium interactions of national excess demand functions, which, in turn, are solutions of domestic welfare optimization problems. It is shown that interaction of national policies can lead to excess depression and instability of both international and domestic prices. The model is estimated for wheat and is used to show that, under free trade, average world prices would be much higher while price instability would be much lower. Furthermore, the European Economic Community policies alone contribute about 80% to these distortions.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240867

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEfficiency in redistribution is measured in terms of deadweight loss generated per dollar of economic surplus transferred between consumers and producers of a commodity by means of market intervention. The implications of supply and demand elasticities for efficiency in redistribution are examined with special attention to the comparison of production control and deficiency payment programs. The results may be used to aid in the evaluation of commodity programs and as a basis for consideration of the hypothesis that observed policies are efficient, given the political power of interest groups.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240868

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWorld trade models for the product classes fresh fruits, dried fruits, processed fruits, fresh vegetables, and processed vegetables are estimated and used to project the impact on export prices and trade patterns likely to arise after the European Economic Community enlargement with Greece, Portugal, and Spain. The results indicate that current world trends in import demands and export supplies if continued, and in the absence of enlargement, will cause marked declines of export prices for four of the above product categories (except dried fruits). The enlargement will not significantly modify these price projections, but it will divert a significant part of European Community imports of these products to the three new member countries.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240869

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe impacts of eliminating the Disaster Assistance Program and modifying the provisions of federal all‐risk crop insurance are evaluated for a sample of eastern Colorado dryland wheat farmers. A stochastic simulation model and stochastic dominance techniques are used to identify changes in risk management strategies and to obtain approximate measures of welfare changes. The results indicate that all ten sample farmers were made worse off by this policy change, despite substantial subsidies in crop insurance premiums. Welfare losses were sizable, relative to expected net returns, and acreage covered by federal crop insurance did not increase appreciably.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240870

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFull‐owner operators and landowners with small holdings have lower minimum tillage adoption rates on cultivated cropland than do other landownership groups after accounting for land quality and regional location. Nonfamily corporate structure does not significantly influence the adoption decision. These conclusions about minimum tillage adoption were obtained from a logit model using 7,649 cultivated cropland observations from across the United States. This study indicates that small operating size poses more of an obstacle to minimum tillage adoption than does separation of ownership from farm operation.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240871

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSimulation analysis based on an econometric model was used to compare processing‐tomato industry performance with and without the development of mechanical harvesting and under differing wage scales. Expanded production under mechanical harvesting increased requirements for preharvest, seasonal and off‐season cannery, and assembly labor relative to continued hand harvest. This offset much, but not all, of the reduction in seasonal harvest labor. Employment shifted more toward jobs of higher skill and pay. Product prices were lower. Economic surplus measures suggest consumers have been the primary long‐run benefactors of mechanical harvest adoption.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240872

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe unique characteristics of cooperatives require they be analyzed differently from the more traditional noncooperative firm. A model of cooperative finance is developed that has the objective of maximizing the total, after‐tax profits of the cooperative member patrons. A mathematical analysis derives the relationships among the various financial instruments, and a numerical analysis derives results for a cooperative under various hypothesized scenarios. We suggest that a model incorporating the unique characteristics of cooperatives is the more appropriate tool for studying cooperative finance than is the noncooperative model.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240873

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSingle equation estimates of production models usually are justified by the assumption that production inputs are chosen as part of a one‐period decision problem. Yet, most production decisions in agriculture are made sequentially. In this paper the farmer's optimal input choices are modeled as optimal controls in a stochastic control problem. A two‐period Cobb‐Douglas example is used to show that sequential solutions to production problems may yield models which require either single equation or simultaneous equation estimators. Functional separability, stochastic specification, and behavior under uncertainty are discussed in the context of dynamic production models.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240874

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe editors apologize for a typographical error that appears in equation (3) of Michael Wyzan's February 1983 (p. 179) “Empirical Analysis of Soviet Agricultural Production and Policy: Reply.” The equation should read as follows

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240875

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY