摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a model of adoption behavior and explains differences econometrically in farmers' decisions to adopt reduced‐tillage practices and in the efficiency of farmers' adoption decisions. The empirical results, obtained from microdata, show that the probability of adopting reduced tillage in corn enterprises differs widely across farms and depends on soil characteristics, cropping systems, and size of farming operation. The results also show that farmers' schooling enhances the efficiency of the adoption decision.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240918

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper utilizes 1910–78 time‐series data and a single product aggregate translog profit function to measure the structure of U.S. agricultural technology. Duality relations are used to devise a multifactor measure of biased technical change. A measure of nonhomotheticity is introduced which indicates the effects scale change has had on aggregate cost shares. The empirical analysis finds that different, nonhomothetic technologies characterized the prewar and postwar periods. Differing technical change biases are consistent with relative price trends during the two periods, showing that the long‐run structure of U.S. agricultural technology has been consistent with the Hayami‐Ruttan induced innovation theory.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240919

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe theoretical and empirical relationship between farm‐based residual returns, the opportunity cost of farmland, and farmland prices is developed. Temporal hypotheses concerning the source of land price movements are tested using a variant of Granger causality. In the aggregate, farmland prices are found to be unidirectionally “caused” by residual farm‐based returns. The findings support the hypothesis that farmland prices are determined mainly within the farm sector and lend credence to the use of extrapolative expectations processes in structural farmland price models.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240920

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA comparative analysis of Arvin and Dinuba. California, suggests that many factors besides differences in farm size contributed to Arvin's retarded community development. Rather than being closely matched communities, the two towns had developed within significantly different economic, demographic, and geographic settings. Goldschmidt's hypothesis that large farms accounted for differences in community quality may still be correct; but, because of methodological flaws, his study of Arvin and Dinuba offers little support for this assertion.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240921

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe problem of rangeland management is modeled as a stochastic control problem. The manager periodically chooses stocking rates and decides whether to use a treatment which improves the rangeland. His decisions have an uncertain impact on the rangeland. The theory of finite Markov chains is used to analyze the solution to the control problem. The stochastic specification of the model is varied to test the sensitivity of the optimal policies. These are quite robust except at certain levels of the range condition. Cases of a risk‐neutral and risk‐averse manager are studied.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240922

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEconomists have regarded anti‐hoarding laws as irrational reactions to nonexistent monopoly in the storage of grain. This paper shows that anti‐hoarding laws cannot be rationally directed against a monopolistic storer, for he will always store less, not more, than would be stored under competition. But seemingly perverse competitive storage, in the form of excessive stockholding, can arise when a price ceiling distorts the market. Additional public storage exacerbates this perverse private behavior, and may even induce behavior that appears to be active market manipulation. Under such circumstances, anti‐hoarding laws can be desirable second‐best measures.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240923

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInsecticide resistance is an increasingly widespread problem reducing effectiveness and necessitating a switch to more expensive controls. A common property resource model is used to describe potential gain from internalizing resistance externalities through regional coordination. A nonlinear programming model of an Illinois cash grain farm is used to estimate the gain for corn rootworm control where rotation to soybeans is an alternative to insecticide. Switching to rotation as resistance builds causes a relatively minor decrease in profits because soybeans are profitable. Gain from delaying resistance is slight. Co‐states give price changes necessary to alter externality production.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240924

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious analysis of the social welfare implications of minimum quality standards has yielded no decisive results. In this paper the specific nature of consumer and producer responses to quality standards is incorporated into the analysis. Both consumer and producer gains are shown to be impossible when consumers can perceive quality before purchase, even if low quality produce is diverted to secondary markets. Standards unambiguously reduce net social benefits. The paper explores the possibility that minimum quality standards are a form of rent‐seeking behavior.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240925

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper proposes a framework for the analysis of optimal strategic reserve policy when ability to withstand embargoes influences terms of trade in an exhaustible resource like oil. The mode embodies two stylized facts: competitive forces are not always strong enough to eliminate other influences on the negotiated price of oil, and long‐term contracts for oil delivery cannot be enforced across national boundaries. Some modeling issues that arise in this context are discussed, and a model of optimal strategic reserve policies is proposed and solved in a leading special case.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240926

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAgricultural commodities are differentiated frequently by quality or country of origin. This paper proposes two complementary tests—bivariate price regressions and hedonic index estimation—as methods to identify whether differentiated products are amenable to treatment as a homogenous commodity. These price linkage tests represent necessary, rather than sufficient, conditions for aggregation and must be supplemented by information on market structure. Analysis of the international cotton market suggests a distinction between extra long and other staple lengths, but not by country of origin after controlling for staple length.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240927

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY