摘要:

AbstractA behavioral model of a research scientist is utilized to develop the characteristics of the demand for institutional (lR) and project research (PR) funds. The demand analysis implies a trade‐off between the allocative and productive efficiency of IR funding and the research output mix of PR funding. The model is used to evaluate the formula and competitive grant funding of U.S. agricultural research. We conclude that national research policy should be cast in terms of the relative mix of the two systems of support, not in the absolute merits of either system.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240192

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe marital deduction is an important and commonly used estate‐planning tool. The optimal marital deduction should be chosen to minimize the present value of the tax outlays at the deaths of both the husband and wife given the expected growth rate, the appropriate discount rate, the expected time of death of the surviving spouse, the distribution of wealth between the spouses, and the total wealth of both spouses. The typical practice of claiming the maximum marital deduction allowed by law or the amount that just reduces the tax liability of the decedent to zero does not necessarily produce an optimal result.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240193

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAttitudes toward risk were measured in 240 households using two methods: an interview method eliciting certainty equivalents and an experimental gambling approach with real payoffs which, at their maximum, exceeded monthly incomes of unskilled laborers. The interview method is subject to interviewer bias and its results were totally inconsistent with the experimental measures of risk aversion. Experimental measures indicate that, at high payoff levels, virtually all individuals are moderately risk‐averse with little variation according to personal characteristics. Wealth tends to reduce risk aversion slightly, but its effect is not statistically significant.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240194

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis research uses a stochastic simulation model to evaluate the implications of alternative gasohol programs for a large segment of the food and agricultural sector‐corn and soybean producers, consumers, and taxpayers. The impacts on corn and soybean prices, production, acreage planted, carryover stocks, exports, and commodity program expenditures are presented. The research findings indicate that alcohol production levels below 2.0 billion gallons do not result in serious dislocations in the agricultural sector. As the level of alcohol production increases and more grain is required, corn prices rise significantly, stocks fall to extremely low levels, exports decline, and government expenditures increase greatly.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240195

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe economic feasibility of utilizing corn stover as a coal supplement in small to medium‐sized, coal‐burning steam‐electric plants appears promising, particularly when the low sulfur emission value of corn stover is considered. Two case steam‐electric power plants located in Ames, Iowa, and Peru, Indiana, are analyzed utilizing three harvest and collection systems and alternative values for several key technical and economic parameters. These results combined with data from a sample of steam‐electric plants in the north central United States are used to assess the potential for this renewable low sulfur energy source.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240196

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe European Communities' common agricultural policy is more complex than some studies would indicate. Not only do the member states succeed in maintaining nationally preferred price support levels through the use of green currencies and monetary compensatory amounts, but the protective mechanisms applied have a differential impact on some commodities and some supplying countries. The introduction, in 1979,of the European Monetary System had repercussions for the agricultural sector, including the use of a new unit of account.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240197

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship of prices of choice steers on the Denver terminal market to comparable prices on the Omaha market apparently was influenced by the sharp decline in saleable receipts in Denver. But price effects of the volume of trading were measurable only when the volume in Denver became extremely small in 1967 and 1968. These results are consistent with defining a thin market place by using sampling concepts. Some subtleties of using Chebyschev's inequality to define a thin market are discussed.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240198

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCurrently, the price that an individual farmer receives for soybeans is not adjusted for oil and protein content, and the price for milk is adjusted for fat content but not for solids‐not‐fat. This study finds that the potential social surplus gains from a change to component pricing of these commodities is small (no more than one to two percent of current commodity value, before deducting the extra costs of such a pricing system). Substantial transfers would occur between component‐consuming groups, while producers as a group would be affected only slightly.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240199

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFeeding and marketing strategies for cull beef cows were analyzed by formulating a stochastic dynamic programming model which allowed simultaneous determination of optimal selling time and feeding levels until sale. The state variables were cow weight and monthly price; the latter was estimated statistically as a first‐order autoregressive process with parameters changing monthly. Results for Montana cow prices at Billings suggested substantial gains to feeding healthy cows through the winter instead of immediate sale after fall culling.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240200

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe shape of the beef gain roughage‐concentrate isoquant is examined. Data from two beef‐feeding experiments designed to investigate response from alternative combinations of roughage and concentrate are utilized. Isoquants derived from estimated production functions are compared with directly estimated isoquants. The estimates indicate that the isoquant is not strictly convex to the origin. The nonconvex region is more pronounced in estimates obtained from data of steers fed diethylstilbestrol.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240201

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY