摘要:

AbstractThis study tests the hypothesis that education has a major role in agricultural development by estimating costs and returns of schooling and extension in areas at various modernization levels. Public and private costs are estimated from secondary information and farm surveys. Value‐added and auxiliary equations, estimated from farm‐level data, are used to derive annual returns of education. Although based on weak statistical results, schooling returns are negative or low, but increase with modernization level. Extension returns are generally high for individuals, but cover social costs in only two geographic areas. This suggests education's role in development may be limited.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238431

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between external agricultural trade and economic incentives was examined under the hypothesis that a large proportion of the agricultural trade deficit in Chile in the 1945–1965 period resulted from commercial policies, particularly those relating to rate of exchange, price fixing in the internal market, export quotas, and high prices of some inputs originating in protected national industries. Negative rates of protection were estimated for wheat, beef, wool, and lamb, while barley was determined to have a neutral rate of protection. Alternative commercial policies could have reduced the agricultural trade deficit.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238432

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFloodplain land use management is a new approach to flood loss prevention which will complement engineering works and lead to more intelligent use and development of urban floodplain areas. Land use management may be structured as an optimization problem. Nonlinear or dynamic programming is inappropriate, and a linear programming assignment model is shown to be capable of identifying constrained efficiency combinations of spatial and temporal urban floodplain use, site elevation through land fill, and floodproofing of buildings. Sensitivity testing, however, is required because of possible nonlinearities.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238433

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper shows how a stochastic programming model for least‐cost feed formulations under a probabilistic protein constraint and other linear restrictions can be solved by using an iterative quadratic programming technique. As the least‐cost plan for a given probability level must beE‐σ efficient, the result thus obtained is optimal.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238434

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPresent federal income tax laws allow current deduction of development costs for most orchard crops. An economic surplus framework is used to analyze the impact of cost capitalization on producers, middlemen, and consumers. Estimated net social returns per dollar of tax subsidy range from $0.12 to $15.00 for five California orchard crops under present tax treatment.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238435

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs farm management education programs evolve to serve business‐oriented farm firms, planning, implementation, and control functions become major areas of emphasis. Integration of three computerized management tools—a budget generator, a management game, and LP‐FARM—in a farm management course provided students with practical experience in each management function.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238436

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe model developed by J. C. Headley to illustrate the entomologists' concept of the economic threshold is presented and criticized. A two‐variable model directed at the problems of optimal timing and pesticide application as well as optimal pest population level is presented.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238437

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA sunk capital hypothesis and merger, analyzed with linear programming, are used as aggregate constraints to temper results of firm models when analyzing intermediate length‐of‐run structural adjustments of country elevators. The conflict of simultaneously recommending fewer firms in the industry and expansion of all individual firms is handled.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238438

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRelationships determining shell egg prices were analyzed by developing models involving a simultaneous equation system estimated by using the three‐stage least squares method. The findings substantiated the postulated relations including the interdependency of the shell egg and breaking egg sectors. Price estimates generated from the models appeared acceptable.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238439

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProducer prices for milk generally reflect only differences in butterfat content as an explicit measure of value. This paper demonstrates that such a pricing system results in inequitable payments to producers. A component pricing approach that includes component values is then suggested.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238440

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY