摘要:

AbstractIn public policy analysis, much confusion exists about the roles of explanation and prescription. To offer a new perspective, a paradigm is developed that gives both theoretical and empirical meaning to the constitutional determination of political preference functions or public sector governance structures. Current policies are viewed as a rational outcome of a political‐economic process. Three relevant spaces are specified: result, policy instrument, and constitutional. For the policy instrument space, the paradigm provides a framework for generating testable propositions on government behavior, while, for the constitutional space, the framework is prescriptive. The collective‐choice rules of the constitutional space structure the tradeoff between public and special interests.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242479

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing dynamic programming, this paper examines effects of farm subsidies on U.S. exports of corn, cotton, rice, and wheat. The six policy simulations described here explore alternative proposals in the current round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The analysis leads to two conclusions. First, abolishing domestic subsidies lowers world prices of these crops. Second, imposing tighter supply controls may not actually decrease exports in the short run.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242480

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntegrated multimarket‐general‐equilibrium models are constructed to analyze the impact on poor cereal importers of rising world prices following OECD trade liberalization. Archetypes contrast African countries in which cereal imports are not competitive with domestic production (Africa I) to African and Asian countries where they are competitive. Results show rising food import bills and exchange rate depreciation in Africa I and the opposite in the other two regions. Policy implications include promoting agricultural exports from Africa I and promoting food crops for import substitution in the other regions. Food aid needed to shelter the poor during the transition period is calculated.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242481

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe welfare effects of price stabilization are quantified under free trade and under distortionary policies when an exporting country protects domestic producers with price supports, an importing country pursues a price‐fixing policy, and a second importing country follows a free trade policy. Results show that distortionary interventions cause greater world price variability. World gains from international price stabilization through a costless buffer stock scheme are higher under distortionary trade than under free trade.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242482

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIf a land price is to be observed, there must be trades of land. If the aggregate quantity of land in agriculture is fixed, those trades must be among farmers. This paper presents a model in which farmers of differing “ability” trade land among themselves. The model is used to evaluate the impact of farm programs (a demand enhancement program; a price support program; a land retirement program; an income subsidy program) on output price, land price, and number of farmers. Effects of these programs depend on conditions that require empirical evaluation. Preliminary evidence suggests that some standard tools of farm policy have the effect of reducing farm numbers.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242483

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of this study was to understand the impact of tax and social program policies on competitiveness in trade. A case study approach was used, comparing returns to representative wheat farms located in Montana and Alberta. The principal analytical tool was a financial simulation model. The results suggest farmers in Alberta have significant tax and social program advantages and that, for the base scenario, these advantages outweighed government farm program and production cost advantages enjoyed by the Montana farmer. Taxes and social program advantages became relatively less important with an increase in farm size.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242484

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of government programs on rice production in Taiwan are examined under the rational expectations hypothesis. Results suggest that a crop‐shifting program designed to divert rice production to other targeted crops was unsuccessful because of contradictory government programs. Under rational expectations, the marginal effects of a price‐support program on acreage decline as soon as targeted price is no longer increasing.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242485

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOats are used as both a cover and a production crop. In the Corn Belt and Northern Plains, large year‐to‐year changes in the oats harvested‐to‐planted acreage ratio suggest specifying harvested rather than planted acreage equations. Oats demands for feed, food, seed, and stock use are simultaneously estimated in this study, and impacts of alternative policies on oats production, prices, and returns are simulated. Changes in corn and dairy policies associated with the 1985 farm bill are shown to have significant consequences for the U.S. oats industry.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242486

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStatic concepts of multiproduct economies of scale and scope are extended into a dynamic setting within the cost of adjustment framework. Important properties of the dynamic measures are developed and the foundations of a dynamic theory of the firm generalizing static neoclassical theory are presented. Dynamic measures of scope and scale as well as shadow costs are estimated empirically for multiple‐output, multiple‐input German dairy farms operating under a production quota. Causes of scope economies are explored and a conceptual model to predict the evolution of the production structure of German farms is formulated.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242487

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn perennial crop supply analysis, separate estimation of the qualitatively different new planting and replanting decisions is desirable. Commonly, data paucity restricts estimation to a single reduced form equation. This study develops a dynamic unobserved components method where separate estimation of the structural equations is possible in the absence of detailed data on new plantings and replantings. The proposed method is empirically implemented in a case study of the Florida grapefruit industry. In terms of both statistical and forecasting performance, the proposed structural approach is found superior to a single equation reduced form specification.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242488

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY