摘要:

AbstractDespite increasing attention, the effects of using differential agricultural program benefits to achieve soil conservation are largely unexplored. Viewed in a conventional environmental economics framework, the popularly perceived cross‐compliance program may fall short on efficiency grounds. Analysis suggests that the greatest incentive to practice conservation may occur on land with little or no net social benefits forthcoming from erosion control. A by‐product of cross‐compliance worth consideration is that those likely to benefit most from the program are the highest equity and largest farm operators.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240793

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the profit‐maximizing choice of water quantities given the choice of crop and water quality but taking into account the dynamics of salt accumulation over time. The optimization model formulated in this paper is based on a detailed representation of the salt transport process in soils but assumes known or average rainfall levels. Optimal water quantities and soil salinities in steady state were calculated for navel oranges in two areas of California. Water applications sufficient to maintain maximum yields were found to be optimal in many cases.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240794

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAllotment and economy‐of‐scale adjustments are important in determining benefit levels for households participating in the Food Stamp Program. Economy‐of‐scale factors adjust levels of benefits based on the sizes of participating households. These economy‐of‐scale factors and the allotment are calculated currently using diet status, income, and household size. This paper shows that food stamp allotments for different household sizes can be determined independent of diet status using standard demand theory and the age‐sex composition of the household. The results indicate that scale adjustments now used are related more to household composition than true economies.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240795

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper extends previous studies of futures markets to highlight the role of expectations in the analysis of supply and interest rate shocks. Shocks which are expected to be permanent generally will create larger movements in spot and futures prices than shocks which are regarded as transitory. Further, the reactions of spot and futures prices may differ both qualitatively and quantitatively depending on whether new information refers to events in the current period or to likely developments in some future period. The results demonstrate the potential importance of capturing expectations effects in empirical studies of futures market behavior.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240796

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent growth in Indian and U.S. cereal production has been accompanied by a more than proportional increase in the standard deviation of production. This study applies variance decomposition procedures to state data on crop production to analyze the sources of this increased instability. It is found that production has become significantly more covariate between states and crops, largely because of increased yield variability and a loss in offsetting patterns of variation between crop yields in different states. These changes may be associated with more variable prices, with higher‐yielding technologies, and with a narrowing of the genetic base.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240797

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a dynamic model of diffusion of a new technology involving a variable input. The model highlights the role of active information accumulation, which entails costs. It generates several hypotheses regarding the likely pattern of adoption and use of the variable input over time by farmers of differing holding sizes and different access to information. It provides a possible explanation to the often observed lag in adoption of innovations by smaller farmers. Analysis of data from India on knowledge and adoption of several practices yields results which are generally consistent with the hypotheses suggested by the theoretical framework.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240798

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn agricultural household model is used with household level data from Sierra Leone to estimate elasticities of marketed surplus for several outputs and for labor with respect to price and nonprice variables. Positive own‐price elasticities are found, with magnitudes considerably above own‐price output elasticities. Changes in household characteristics and production technology also affect marketed surpluses but not always in anticipated directions. Elasticities are reported for households when grouped by their total expenditure, not just for the sample mean. The differences are important, showing that low expenditure households respond as much as high expenditure households.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240799

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince the work of Bishop and Heberlein, a number of contingent valuation experiments have appeared involving discrete responses which are analyzed by logit or similar techniques. This paper addresses the issues of how the logit models should be formulated to be consistent with the hypothesis of utility maximization and how measures of compensating and equivalent surplus should be derived from the fitted models. Two distinct types of welfare measures are introduced and then estimated from Bishop and Heberlein's data.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240800

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe flexible moment‐based approach to production analysis is used to measure the stochastic structure of large‐scale dairy production in Tulare County, California. This approach is flexible because it does not impose restrictions on the relationships between decision variables and the moments of the probability distribution of output. The parameter estimates support the hypothesis that second and third moments are functions of inputs and indicate that capital‐intensive dairies are riskier. The implied behavior of a risk‐averse dairy manager changed markedly when the effects of inputs on the skewness of the output distribution were included in a decision model.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240801

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper explores duality relationships for a broad class of stochastic dynamic production problems. Assuming that the decision maker maximizes the expected present value of profit, it is shown that product supply, negative factor demand, and negative quasifixed factor acquisition equations cannot be directly obtained by partial differentiation of the indirect profit function if price expectations have a Markovian structure. Consequently, empirical application of duality to many stochastic dynamic problems is quite complex and may be more difficult than a primal approach to the problem.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240802

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY