摘要:

AbstractThis article presents an analysis of the demand for dairy products. First, the structure of dairy product demand is estimated using the Household Food Consumption Survey data. Under the assumption of a two‐stage budgeting procedure, a complete demand system for food incorporating demographic effects is estimated. Next, using the demand relations estimated from cross‐section data, prediction interval tests utilizing time‐series data are performed for milk and butter. Last, factors affecting consumption are classified into economic and demographic effects and a decomposition of the causes of changes in demand over time is performed.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242060

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA transfer function was used to estimate the fluid milk demand equation of New York City. The consumption effect of a generic fluid milk advertising program in the city was found to be positive and statistically significant. The resulting higher blend price of milk was found to have a negligible effect on the subsequent supply of milk. Though being successful in generating positive returns on advertising it was found that a 35% reduction in the advertising expenditures would have been optimal in the marginal sense.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242061

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTime‐series evidence from the United States indicates unidirectional causality from eggs to chickens.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242062

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFirms in imperfectly competitive markets face direct and indirect costs when changing product prices. The latter costs reflect uncertain changes in revenue and market share resulting from the actions of rival firms. Rosett's friction model is applied to firm‐level data to provide estimates of the indirect costs of changing prices for a major processor of frozen concentrated orange juice. Results indicate that indirect costs cause significant price rigidity. Additionally the hypothesis that prices are equally rigid for upward and downward changes could not be rejected.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242063

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnalysis of a switch from boxed beef to tray‐ready beef processing demonstrates that limited substitution between farm and nonfarm inputs has a significant impact on the distribution of surplus gains. A two‐input, two‐output (beef and by‐products) industry model was specified. Technical change was modeled as a shift in marketing input supply. This approach yields equivalent results to a demand increase from biased technical change. Using an estimated elasticity of substitution of 0.1 and parameter values from previous studies, the results indicate cattle producers would receive either 57% or 72% of surplus gains depending upon whether input substitution occurs.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242064

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn incomplete markets equilibrium, in which no contingency markets are available, is compared to a complete markets equilibrium formed by introducing a futures market and a crop insurance market. The two regimes are compared using comparative static and welfare analyses. Numerical examples highlight important characteristics of the model and illustrate how the effects of introducing contingency markets can be quantified. The main conclusions are that contingency markets in agriculture increase economic efficiency, but there is no guarantee that farmers and consumers both benefit. It is found that futures and crop insurance markets may reduce farmer welfare when the demand for farm products is price inelastic.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242065

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn expected utility analysis of a frequently studied hedging model is carried out using mean‐standard deviation modeling techniques. This is possible because the hedging model satisfies a location and scale condition. As a result, one can simplify the proofs of, and provide more intuition for, results concerning hedging developed using only expected utility techniques.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242066

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cost‐output relationships and production technology in the Agricultural Development Bank of Honduras are analyzed using a translog model. Scale economies for the average branch are not significantly different from one. They are a function of output levels reflecting U‐shaped cost surfaces. Product‐specific economies of scale are substantially different. Returns to scale of lending activities approach unity, whereas there are important unexploited economies to the expansion of deposit mobilization. Cost complementarities between lending and deposit mobilization indicate advantages of joint provision of financial services over the traditional specialization in lending of agricultural development banks in developing countries.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242067

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe benefits from cost‐reducing research and their distribution under a range of price policies are compared with those that would arise in the absence of the policies. While any price policy affects the distribution of research benefits, the net national or world benefits may be reduced, lef unchanged, or increased, depending on the nature of the policy and the significance of the country in the world market for the commodity. Some implications for decisions on price policies and for distortions in incentives for the allocation of resources to research are raised.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242068

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article emloys a computable general equilibrium model to analyze the effects of eliminating farm and food tax preferences in 1977. Tax differentials on capital income, labor payments, and production and sales taxes are each examined. Results indicate that these combined preferences lowered food costs by about $@@‐@@4.5 billion while enhancing after‐tax returns to farm land, labor, and capital. The associated general equilibrium tax expenditure is estimated to have been between $@@‐@@5.5 and $@@‐@@6.6 billion.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242069

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY