摘要:

AbstractThe contingent valuation method for estimating the existence value of natural resources is examined for psychophysical robustness, statistical reliability, and economic sensibility. Extensions of standard models for willingness‐to‐pay, and suitable econometric techniques for analyzing these models, are developed. The analysis is applied to a series of experiments on the value of preserving wilderness areas in the western United States. The results call into question the reliability of the CV method for estimating existence values.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243732

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe offer a critical assessment of static, deterministic, reduced form, supply‐demand (SD) models of agricultural trade. A commonly used and well‐documented model has significant limitations: no explicit treatment of factor mobility between farm and nonfarm sectors, nonzero profits in some sectors, no substitutability among feedstuffs in livestock sectors, violation of the law of one price, small marketing margins for some commodities, and incomplete coverage of the agricultural sector. Such limitations have significant impacts on the magnitude and direction of projected world price and welfare changes. We believe agricultural policy analysis should first focus on the remediation of these limitations before proceeding to more complex issues like dynamics and uncertainty.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243733

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study provides empirical evidence on the relationship between price protection and productivity growth. From theoretical considerations, it is concluded that the impact of price protection on productivity growth is ambiguous. Although protectionism may in some instances stimulate investment and adoption of new technologies, efficiency may decrease, particularly when farm prices and income are high. Empirical evidence from the New Zealand beef/sheep industry indicates that high protection during the 1975–85 period produced negative productivity growth. Following market liberalization in 1985, productivity growth increased substantially.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243734

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA model in which policy makers maximize a weighted welfare function of producer, consumer, and taxpayer groups is applied to explain the effects of food aid receipts on food policies in the countries receiving food aid. Consumer subsidies for wheat in nine countries receiving food aid are examined during the 1955–83 period. Econometric results indicate food aid increases domestic food subsidies in the recipient countries, but that other factors (development, country‐specific factors) are more important in determining subsidy level.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243735

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHypotheses about state agricultural experiment stations are investigated. Formula funding is found more productive than competitive‐grant funding, possibly owing to transactions costs of reviewing and misallocations of pork barrel funding. Heavier administrator involvement in problem choice is found to enhance productivity of applied research where approach and product can be well‐specified in advance, but detracts from productivity of pretechnology research where response to individual incentives may lead to more timely adaptations. Stronger vertical integration of pretechnology, applied sciences, and extension activities is found to increase productivity, suggesting the importance of strongly science‐based applied research and practical understanding of pretechnology sciences.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243736

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new approach is developed for integrating consumers' risk perceptions with stated purchase behavior when consumption decisions must be made with incomplete information. The application involves health risks from exposure to pesticide residues on fresh produce. Unlike traditional food demand analysis, the present approach treats produce choices as discrete outcomes, resulting in a random utility model. Empirical results from a pilot survey suggest a clear linkage between perceptions and behavior in response to new risk information. Consumers' stated preferences for safer produce were primarily influenced by price differences and perceived risks, not by the technical risk information provided alone. However, the linkage between behavior and valuation was less clear cut. The risk/price tradeoffs entailed by contingent discrete choices indicate high price premia for small risk reductions and little variation in price premium across alternative risk reductions.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243737

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMeasurement of nonmarket values often involves subjective judgments. Since these judgments may influence results, they should be carefully considered. I focus on an aspect of subjective choice relating to the estimation of random utility models. Such models require specification of each recreationalist's choice set. Whether an individual perceives his choice set as composed of all possible alternatives, a few popular alternatives, or collections of spatially aggregated alternatives is an important judgment affecting the conclusions.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243738

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLinearizing the Almost Ideal Demand System (LAIDS) by recourse to the Stone share weighted price index is common practice. Two issues are addressed here. First, scrutiny of the errors‐in‐variables implications of the linearization reveals that, not only is the SUR estimator inconsistent, but a consistent IV estimator cannot be constructed. Second, some alternatives to the Green‐Alston elasticities specifically designed for the LAIDS model are developed, but neither these nor the Green‐Alston elasticities are found to have any advantages over the conventional elasticity formulae. Some errors in the Green‐Alston (1990) paper are corrected. The inconsistency and elasticity issues are documented by a Monte Carlo investigation.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243739

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChinese consumer behavior is analyzed based on rural Guangdong household survey data. For most food items, own‐price elasticities estimated with an AIDS model are inelastic. Commodity substitution due to relative price changes is small, except in the case of grain. Commodities most responsive to expenditure changes are meats, poultry, fruits, sweets, and durable goods.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243740

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractParametric tests of weak separability are conducted among twenty‐one disaggregate meat products, using scanner data and the absolute price version of the Rotterdam model. The tests indicate that consumers neither select among various cuts or qualities of a particular meat type nor select among meat types of like quality. Four partitions of the meat products are examined; in each case, the hypothesis of weak separability is rejected.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1243741

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY