摘要:

AbstractThe legislative basis for the United States sugar program, which involves both a high degree of domestic protectionism and substantial statutory subsidies to sugar producers in selected foreign countries, expires at the end of 1971. The case is presented for reducing domestic protectionism and for financing what remains, as well as any foreign subsidies, through the budget rather than as at present through the domestic price of sugar. A start in those directions is oulined. Also, specific changes in the present sugar program are suggested for consideration in case major reform is not politically feasible in 1971.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1237489

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEconomists are increasingly being asked to study problems that require a systems approach. This paper reports an empirical application of industrial dynamics to a problem of an industry system. A second generation model was developed and used to appraise alternative supply control policies designed to reduce fluctuations in marketings of frozen concentrated orange juice and grower profits. Policies that controlled long‐run supplies by constraining tree plantings appeared to have the most potential for success. Policies designed to control market supplies on a year‐to‐year basis actually encouraged new tree plantings which created long‐run supply problems.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1237490

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlternative Government rice programs are important to rice producers, rice consumers, rice related industries, and Government (taxpayers). Supporting the rice producer's income above that determined by a “free market” requires an income transfer from another segment of society. The “best method” of support could depend upon the “best source” of income to transfer to the rice farm sector. The direct payment plan transfers income from the taxpayer, the two‐price plan draws additional support from the domestic rice consumer, and the current program (an adaptation of a two‐price plan) obtains the additional income for transfer from both.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1237491

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe pesticide application practices of California peach growers in controlling peach brown‐rot are used to demonstrate how Bayesian decision theory procedures can be used to arrive at optimal crop disease control practices. Subjective probabilities of disease loss intensity are measured and used in the decision model. Information from an analyst (this researcher) is combined with farmers' subjective probabilities of disease loss by means of Bayes' theorem. Optimal pesticide use actions are computed for three different objective functions—maximum subjective expected returns, mean‐standard deviation of returns, and maximum expected returns with a minimum income side condition.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1237492

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFor many analyses, a per capita specification of the effects of population is not adequate. The per capita specification ignores differences in consumption that are due to differences in age and sex of individuals. A unit equivalent scale can account for these age and sex differences. Unit equivalent scales are estimated for five food commodities and for total food from weekly household expenditure data. The effects of age and sex on expenditures, economies of household size, changes in scales with income level, and changes in the demand for food over time caused by changing age‐sex composition are estimated.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1237493

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe commercial cattle feeder is continually faced with the decision of whether to market a particular lot of cattle at their current weight or to continue feeding them. Uncertainty about future price changes is an important factor in this decision. The study uses statistical decision theory to combine a priori information about the historical pattern of month‐to‐month price changes with information provided by a price forecasting model to develop monthly feed or sell decision criteria. These criteria specify the minimumpredictedprice change required to generate positive expected returns from feeding an additional 30 days.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1237494

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInefficiencies in the production‐marketing system for hogs are due in part to inaccurate derivation of live hog values from expected wholesale cut values. The evaluation method presented in this paper is accurate, objective, and practical when compared to a method used by a progressive firm in the industry. Time series price data and cross sectional carcass data are utilized in a two‐step least squares procedure to estimate carcass value, associated with a given set of wholesale prices, on an individual carcass basis. This method, if used extensively, should lead to improvement in the hog marketing system.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1237495

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to use a recent development in statisical theory known as parametric modeling to forecast wheat yields in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Argentina. The essence of this approach is that the data are used for identifying and estimating random components in the form of moving average and autoregressive processes. It does not identify and measure structural relationships as is attempted when forecasting with econometric models. Exponential smoothing is also used to forecast yields in the United States and Canada. The Thiel coefficient is then computed to determine the forecasting accuracy of parametric modeling compared with exponential smoothing.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1237496

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncome maintenance programs such as the negative income tax have been extensively discussed, but thus far little has been written about their impact on farm operators. This paper focuses on the effects of alternative definitions of income, including imputed returns to assets, on the accounting practices of farmers, and on the eligibility of farm families for payments. The influence of income maintenance on decision making of farm operators is analyzed, and attention is called to the need for further study of the consequences of major welfare reforms on the farm economy.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1237497

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1237498

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY