摘要:

AbstractThe capitalization of changes in property taxes levied on farm real estate is investigated. The per acre value of farm real estate in the United States is estimated as a function of the effective tax rate and as a function of three categories of independent variables which are related to agricultural productivity, farm size, and urban influence in a cross‐section study. The effect of anticipated appreciation in farm real estate values is explored in estimating the extent of capitalization. The results of the study are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in property taxes are largely capitalized into farm property values.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238871

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe issues in establishing and administering a transfer of development rights program are discussed, and an hypothetical program is empirically analyzed. In the case study, administrative assignment of development rights and definition of development unit significantly affected the distribution of program costs. Full compensation to restricted landowners would have required widely fluctuating development right prices. Initial cost burdens varied with type of development as well as within development categories. Timing of development right supply and demand may create problems in the market. Although the TDR concept is promising, many practical difficulties remain.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238872

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn improved methodology for estimating demand functions for outdoor recreation and evaluating the outdoor recreation resource by use classification is presented. The illustrative framework is a large‐scale empirical study of all outdoor recreation activities in all areas of Arizona. The use of the improved procedures produces estimates of resource values which are much larger than in most previous studies and which are about the size of estimates of gross variable expenditures. It is argued that the time has come to relax the search for improved estimating methodology and concentrate on interpretation of the estimates in studies of resource allocations.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238873

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between internal schooling economies and transportation costs with regard to consolidation of rural schools. The consolidation question was conceptualized as a programming problem where the objective was to simultaneously minimize the sum of schooling and transportation costs. Both linear and separable programming models were used. Model solutions indicated that some consolidation of schools in the study area would minimize costs but total cost savings were relatively small.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238874

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis research examines the economic impact of controlling sediment loss through changing forest management practices, harvest methods, and rates of harvest. A comparison is made between the income foregone to forestry firms and the regional loss of income as alternative measures of the cost of pollution control. Both measures indicate substantial losses result from controlling nonpoint pollution and suggest present projections of this cost underestimate true social losses.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238875

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method of determining output and income multipliers for product lines by disaggregating sectors of either the transactions or technical coefficients matrix in existing input‐output studies is presented. The study focuses on beef exports from Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. The analysis indicates that canned and cooked/frozen beef, while generally considered low quality or inferior products are, in terms of economic impacts on the economy, actually “high quality” products. An application of the analysis to planning in Uruguay is presented. Direct and indirect effects from different export product mixes are estimated and projections made to 1985.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238876

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA procedure is developed for representing competitive and noncompetitive market structures in linear programming models. Arbitrarily close approximations to nonlinear forms—in both the objective function and constraint set—can be made without much loss of the computational efficiency of the simplex algorithm. The noncompetitive market structure may be used for measuring income at endogenous prices in a competitive model and may serve as a constraint on that measure of income to represent certain classes of economic policies. Product substitution effects in demand can be approximated by a linear program. The demand structure can be transformed to take account of any shift in demand which can be represented by a rotation of the demand function.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238877

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSome theoretical and practical bases for choosing between wage and profit‐sharing reward structures are considered. The analysis suggests that simple wage systems have theoretical advantages over simple profit‐sharing systems with regard to the optimal provision of labor effort. The opposite conclusion occurs with regard to the optimal use of capital. Furthermore, simple profit‐sharing systems are better able to deal with certain practical problems that arise in large‐scale agricultural production. Finally, a complex type of profit sharing exists which has the same theoretical advantages as the wage system plus practical advantages as well.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238878

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA formal statement of the theory of contractual choice is developed to derive conditions under which share leasing is rationally chosen. The allocative efficiency of share and nonshare leasing arrangements is compared under these conditions. Contrary to previous analyses, share leasing is shown to result in a higher expected level of farm output than otherwise. Therefore, land reform measures which restrict share leasing cannot be justified on grounds of improving productivity nor, as it turns out, on grounds of improving the sharecropper's welfare.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238879

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA model of economic behavior under conditions of uncertainty demonstrates that the traditional tests of economic efficiency in agriculture are generally misspecified. A data set from Kenya is used in testing a risk‐aversion model; the results permit the following conclusions. Risk plays an important role in farmer decision making; farmers are efficient in their allocation of resources; and lack of credit availability is a major bottleneck in obtaining increased agricultural productivity for the regions studied in Kenya.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238880

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY