摘要:

AbstractEconometric analysis of aggregate time‐series farm‐sector data suggests that prior to World War II the farm bankruptcy rate appears to be associated with financial risk variables, while postwar data show a strong association with business risk variables. There does not appear to be any evidence that agricultural support payments since World War II have induced, deferred, or reduced farm failures.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240569

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA statistical procedure is used to show that increased concentration in U.S. food‐manufacturing industries is associated with increased total input productivity. A price leadership model is employed in order to estimate total welfare loss. If an elasticity of −1 is assumed, deadweight loss to society is estimated at 0.5% of food value. If an elasticity of −0.5 is assumed, total loss to consumers amounts to 6.11% of food value, which is $‐10 billion in 1975. The increase in total factor productivity which is linked to concentration is roughly sufficient to offset the entire loss to consumers.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240570

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHigh fructose corn syrup is a comparatively low‐priced sugar substitute which is experiencing rapid demand growth. A simple logistical trend model suggests that both per capita and total U.S. sugar consumption will decrease for several years as high fructose corn syrup is adopted. The impact on domestic sugar producers under current policy is minimal with costs borne primarily by sugar‐exporting countries. Food manufacturers can reduce production costs, and some of this may be passed to consumers in lower product prices. Per capita consumer savings, however, will be small. The impact on corn prices also will be small.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240571

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA model of the Florida tomato industry is formulated under the hypothesis that growers make production decisions as rational economic agents. This assumption implies that anticipated Mexican tomato imports as well as other economic variables are taken into account when the planting decision is made. Maximum likelihood estimation methods are used to solve the simultaneous equations model, and the implications of the model's reduced form are analyzed. The empirical findings are consistent with the rational expectations hypothesis that producers respond to market information in its entirety when making acreage decisions.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240572

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAustralian wheat policy has remained relatively unaltered for thirty‐one years. This paper evaluates its major effects on wheat growers, taxpayers, wheat users, and others. Conventional Marshallian policy analysis was augmented with production and price uncertainty. When policy gains and losses were expressed in net terminal values as of 1979, wheat users gained $‐1,122 million, wheat growers lost $‐995 million, taxpayers contributed $‐1,009 million, and the net social welfare loss was $‐882 million. For growers, the interrelationship between production uncertainty and policy was unfavorable and much larger than the favorable price uncertainty/wheat policy interaction.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240573

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIndia's producer levy scheme has been considered a prime example of government market intervention to depress price incentives for farm producers. Analysis in this study shows that the scheme increases the average producer price for the short run with inelastic supply. In this case, significant improvements in income distribution can be obtained with little loss of economic efficiency if the scheme is implemented effectively. However, if the scheme is applied for the long run, it might result in market instability. More critically, the scheme is likely to have an adverse effect on income distribution in the absence of effective implementation.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240574

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFactor productivity in agriculture is estimated from repeated observations on a sample of fifty‐eight countries under the assumption that all countries have access to the same technology. Technology is viewed as a collection of techniques; each technique is represented by a production function. The choice of the implemented techniques is determined by the state variables, which represent the physical and economic environment within which the firms operate. The statistical model is that of varying coefficients, and it is estimated by a method which utilizes principal components and multiple comparisons.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240575

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper examines the regional differences in the irrigation demand for electricity. The analysis is based upon the Rural Electric Cooperatives' statistics on the sale of power for irrigation. A simultaneous‐equation system is developed to focus on both the short‐run utilization of electricity in irrigation and the long‐run determination of the number of irrigators using electricity. The structural equations are estimated using pooled, state‐level data for the period 1969–79. In light of the model's results, the impacts of changes in relative energy prices on irrigation are examined.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240576

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper presents a system analysis approach to the allocation of scarce water during peak seasons to alternative crops and plots, using soil moisture response functions for the key crops. The system contains a linear programming model intended to maximize the farm's income and a dynamic programming model, which generates new irrigation scheduling activities in response to the shadow prices of water given by linear programming solutions. The “generalized Wolfe” LP algorithm is applied. An application to a cotton farm is presented.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240577

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn erosion damage function is developed to measure on‐site damage from agricultural soil loss. This method compares conventional farming and a conservation practice within a dynamic analysis treating conservation adoption year as a variable. Incremental damage from erosion, or marginal user cost, is evaluated annually and includes any cost to remedy plus lost future revenue from reduced yield. The damage function is applied to evaluate reduced tillage for wheat in the Idaho/Washington Palouse area. On shallower soils erosion damage provides conservation incentive, while on some deep soils erosion is economically rational. Properties of the damage function are explored through sensitivity analysis.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240578

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY