摘要:

AbstractTo obtain recommendations for improving quantitative techniques, a survey of the present training and of needed improvements was conducted. Some departments have been gradually increasing mathematics and statistics requirements which widen the gap between departments and increase the diversity in training. The only recommendation on which fair unanimity was found is that basic mathematics and statistics courses should include more applications useful to economics. The authors suggest better use of graduate student time through reorganizing the content in mathematics for economists courses and economic theory courses, and through replacing present language requirements with a secondary minor—such as mathematics. Carrying out the recommendations would raise the level of training in quantitative techniques without sacrificing other competencies. Summer courses for teachers and conferences to develop course content and to further consider problems of overall balance between training in quantitative techniques, economics proper and fields with human subject matter related to economics are suggested.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236568

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMajor pronouncements and public decisions concerning the financial health of agriculture have been based on inadequate farm income data. Sizeable gaps exist in knowledge of farm operator labor income by size of farm after allowing for equity capital costs and capital gains. This study shows that 90 percent of farm operators did not cover all costs in 1960, with resources valued at their current opportunity cost. While operators of class I farms (3 percent of total) received a significant economic rent above costs, the results suggest that these farmers would be most severely disadvantaged by the immediate impact of a severe price drop. With average 1950–60 capital gains added to labor income, approximately one‐fourth of all farm operators earned more than a factory wage standard. Class I farmers require only a 71 percent of parity ratio (1910–14 = 100) to cover all 1960 costs, but class VI commercial farmers need 299 percent of parity.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236569

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDirect payments to farmers, of some importance for more than three decades, have grown very rapidly since 1960. Payments under the wheat and feed grain programs have resulted in a substantial realignment of the states in the amount of direct payments received, and have also brought an increase in the concentration of such payments in a few states. Questions as to the equitable distribution of farm program benefits as a whole could be answered only by a detailed study of state variations in the income supporting effects of all farm programs. Direct payment programs are highly visible nevertheless, and any attempt at their greater equalization must involve either development of payment programs for other important commodities or a step‐up of payments under noncommodity programs available to qualified farmers in all states.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236570

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMore interest is being taken in the sources of increased agricultural productivity. Public efforts to produce and disseminate new knowledge in agriculture have been increasing particularly since World War II. But there are wide differences in the contributions among the states. This article grew out of a study of the sources of income for agricultural research and education, which attempted to determine if state differences in the public production and distribution of new technology affected the average productivity of farms among the states. The methods of multiple correlation of gross farm income with conventional inputs and inputs of agricultural research education did not disclose any significant differences among states in output attributable to the latter two inputs. The conclusion is that public information is so freely available and so generally applicable that the source of the new knowledge is not very important when all the states in the Union are considered.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236571

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith the use of the traditional welfare tools of consumers' and producers' surplus, a complete accounting of welfare gains and losses for flue‐cured tobacco has been made. An aspect of the flue‐cured tobacco market has been the strong monopoly position of the U. S. in world trade. The price increasing feature of the tobacco program has provided the U. S. with a monopoly rent from foreign sales—part of which offsets the traditional welfare losses associated with price support programs. Some evidence on the cost of restricting one input is presented. Though the social cost of the program has been small, the longer run implications are that transferring income to tobacco producers will become more costly in terms of lost producer and consumer surplus.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236572

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study reports on the participation of Tanjore district rice farmers in India's Package Program and the extent to which they are adopting the recommended “package of improved production practices” in moving toward the use of modern farming methods. Participation in the program by size of farm is about normally distributed among the farm population and is not limited to the larger and more progressive farmers. The smaller as well as the larger farmer contributes to the market supply of rice. Progress in increasing yields and production is substantial but there is little evidence that the doubling of crop yields in a short time is a logical expectation under Tanjore conditions.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236573

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral alternative methods have been presented to measure weather effects upon crop production. This paper presents two more methods. These are the work of de Martonne and Ångström in the 1920's and 1930's applied to an econometric production model. The use of composite “aridity indexes” might provide a relatively simple approach to a difficult problem encountered in agricultural supply analysis. The concept is simple and is not confined to a single agricultural area or to a single crop. The indexes, both de Martonne's and Ångström's, can be calculated wherever basic weather data—precipitation and temperature—are available.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236574

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA great deal of effort has been expended on space‐product‐price equilibrium studies for the milk industry in recent years. Some estimate of supplies of milk of grade A quality, as distinct from milk which is not of grade A quality, must be at hand if very precise and detailed market equilibria are to be established. A breakdown of total supplies into the two grades is not regularly reported anywhere in the statistical literature. This paper presents a simple algebraic procedure for making estimates of such supplies using data which are regularly reported.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236575

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExtension of John Stollsteimer's one product model to encompass the multiple product case is the primary aim of the paper. Both the one and multiple product models attempt to determine the number, size, and location of plants that minimize combined transportation and processing costs. The multiple product model differs from Stollsteimer's model in that aggregate assembly costs are affected by varying locational patterns as the product dimension is increased and that total processing cost varies both with the number of plants and the combination of products handled at each optimum plant location. A comparison of one and multiple product processing of identical quantities of raw product results in an economic advantage for multiple product processing.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236576

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article analyzes the empirical results of a study of the relation of selected structural elements to price determination in eight Kentucky retail fertilizer markets. Multiple regression analysis indicated that at‐farm fertilizer price was significantly associated with buyer knowledge and deliberativeness, cooperative purchasing and number of seller firms; but not significantly associated with number of farms, size of purchases, number of purchases and distance. The results suggest that models analyzing prices at the farm level can be significantly improved by including relevant dimensions of buyer knowledge and farmer decision‐making processes as structural elements.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1236577

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY