摘要:

AbstractProduction economics literature contains many studies which assume that the producer's goal is to maximize profits. This study tests the hypothesis that Bernoullian and lexicographic utility are more accurate predictors of farmer behavior than profit maximization. Six large California farms were used to test the hypothesis. After‐income taxE‐V(expectation‐variance) boundaries were developed for each farm and utility, and profit maximizing crop plans were determined for each. A goodness‐of‐fit criterion showed that Bernoullian utility formulations provided the greatest accuracy in predicting actual and planned crop patterns, followed by the lexicographic formulation. Profit maximization showed the poorest predictive power.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238602

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper analyzes behavior of a cooperative of raw material producers. The cooperative sells a production input to producers, provides a “free” service to members, and bargains with processors for raw material price. One analysis assumes the cooperative's objective is maximization of the raw material price received by members. Another assumes the objective is maximization of quantity marketed through the cooperative. The cooperative has three instruments to manipulate to attain its objective. First‐order maximization conditions for the two objectives are quite different from each other and from “marginal cost equals marginal revenue” conditions.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238603

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAgricultural sector analyses for purposes of agricultural policy evaluation and planning in developing countries are generally conducted in a partial equilibrium framework without regard to agricultural‐nonagricultural interactions. A relatively simple simulation model built on an input‐output framework is developed which, in combination with an agricultural sector analysis, enables interactions in the product markets and labor market to be considered. The model is illustrated through linkage with an agricultural simulation model to evaluate alternative agricultural policies in Nigeria. The model also has potential for use with other formal and informal sector analysis techniques.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238604

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDecline in the number of farms and the resulting increase in average farm size has been a persistent feature of the change occurring in American agriculture throughout the last three decades. Different farm‐size assumptions are examined and their effect on certain key farm and nonfarm variables estimated. None of the alternatives analyzed provides benefits for all groups considered, and policies which may favor any one of these scenarios involve trade‐offs between the variables discussed.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238605

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of increasing pest resistance to insecticides on the optimal control of a pest population is investigated by constructing a single‐pest, single‐crop management model and analyzing the resulting optimality conditions. Use of insecticides under these conditions results in both monetary costs and user costs. It is suggested that growers do not generally consider these user costs and therefore do not obtain maximum profits. The dynamic formulation of the model results in an extension of the literature dealing with the “economic‐threshold,” which under reasonable conditions is shown to be increasing during the course of the season.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238606

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractContrary to statements frequently made in the literature, the own elasticity of demand is not necessarily smaller in the short run than in the long run. It is also shown that the availability of new commodities will not necessarily increase the own elasticity of demand for the existing commodities.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238607

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe assumptions of the economic model underlying the traditional Cobb‐Douglas production function analysis imply that exact multicollinearity should exist among the inputs. Restricted estimation procedures may lead to parameter estimates with additional economic content. Conventional methods of input aggregation and model specification may result in biased or misinterpreted estimates.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238608

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe minimal data required for a reasonable estimation of probability distributions is investigated through a Monte Carlo study of a rule for smoothing sparse data into cumulative distribution functions. In a set of estimated distributions, risky prospects not preferred by risk‐averse decision makers can be identified and discarded.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238609

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe theory of signal detectability and its associated methodology have been extended by psychologists for application to the evaluation of human perceptual judgments. The application of signal detection procedures are illustrated through a brief description of an experiment evaluating different ice cream products.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238610

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExpenditure benefit‐burden ratios were developed to analyze the implications for rural and urban taxpayers of several education finance alternatives. Equalizing expenditures through a statewide property tax would transfer net benefits to high income, suburban areas. Low Income rural taxpayers would benefit from greater reliance on the state income tax.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1238611

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY