摘要:

AbstractThe Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Community (EC) is a complex institutional structure with major effects on world agriculture. This study analyzes the CAP from a public choice perspective as a case of induced institutional innovation. The demand for change is analyzed as a function of a newly enlarged Community. Time‐consuming decisions, unequal distribution of net benefits, increasing budget expenditures, and rising pressures to “renationalize” farm subsidies drive the demand for change. Alternative institutional arrangements respond to these demands, which reflect preferences for fairness and equity as well as improved efficiency in the CAP.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242271

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral features of the EC wheat market are analyzed including the imperfect substitutability between imports and domestic supplies, the simultaneous import and export of wheat, and the distinct impact of threshold versus intervention policy prices. In theory, the impact of EC price policies on wheat consumption and net trade are found to be indeterminate a priori. Empirical results show that intervention prices have a positive impact on EC net exports, while increases in threshold (import) prices have decreased EC net wheat exports. Competing wheat exporters would prefer the EC to lower the intervention price to world levels but maintain threshold prices.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242272

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA number of alternative policies toward agricultural prices, food subsidies, and intersectoral allocation of investment are analyzed with computable general equilibrium models for six countries. The models generally allow us to trace the intersectoral and intertemporal growth effects of these policies as well as their income distribution effects across social groups. The results obtained are shown to be eventually quite different from those derived from partial equilibrium and multimarket approaches. Sensitivity analysis to alternative specifications of the mechanism of wage determination shows that the real income effects of price policies are critically dependent upon the particular theory of wage determination used.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242273

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe benefits of agricultural research and extension are examined in anex anteconsumer‐producer surplus framework for five commodities in Peru. The effects of demand shifts over time and government pricing policies on research and extension benefits are considered. Data for the analysis include the results of research and extension questionnaires administered at seven sites in Peru. The projected rates of return to research and extension indicate substantial returns to public investments.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242274

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA generalized leontief cost function and system of factor demand functions for the domestic cigarette industry is estimated. We strongly rejected fixed proportions. Both imported tobacco and other inputs are substitutes for U.S. tobacco. The estimated (output constant) price elasticities are combined with the output effect (calculated from cost shares and time‐series estimates of the cigarette demand elasticity) and an export demand elasticity (from previous studies) to consider the effects of reducing the U.S. price support. Competition from foreign tobacco implies that a U.S. price decline would increase significantly the quantity of U.S. tobacco demanded.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242275

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe article demonstrates how the distribution‐free method of bootstrapping can be applied to the construction of confidence intervals for forecasts generated by a dynamic econometric model. Because the exogenous variables must be forecast, the forecasts of the dependent variable are functions of stochastic forecast‐period exogenous variables. A dynamic model of pork supply is used to illustrate the procedure.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242276

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConsistent with prior expectations based on household production theory, household income, time value, size and composition, and the environment in which production and consumption occurred were all important determinants of total household expenditures on food‐away‐from‐home. However, the importance of these factors varied by type of food facility: conventional restaurants, fast‐food facilities, and other commercial establishments. Decomposition of the tobit elasticities indicated the differential importance of market participation effects of household size, income, and time value by level of the variable and by type of food facility.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242277

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn econometric model is used to estimate the net relationship between changes in the farm‐level price of milk and changes in the retail prices of four major dairy products—fluid milk, butter, cheese, and ice cream. Results indicate that the farm‐retail price transmission process in the dairy sector is asymmetric. Retail dairy product prices adjust more rapidly and more fully to increases in the farm price of milk than to decreases. The role in pricing asymmetry of retail demand versus farm supply shifts is tested via a Chow‐type test. Asymmetry is tested using the Houck procedure for estimating nonreversible functions.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242278

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper, a theoretically consistent approach to including time costs in recreational demand models is developed. The demand model is conditional on the recreationist's labor market situation. For individuals at corner solutions in the labor market, utility maximization is subject to two constraints, leading to a demand function with travel costs and travel time as independent variables. With interior solutions in the labor market, time is valued at the wage rate and combined with travel costs to produce one “full cost” variable. In an illustration, welfare measures based on the new model are estimated for a sample of sportfishermen.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242279

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA common hypothesis is that federal water agencies pursue continued appropriations with little consideration of national economic efficiency. In the mid‐1980s, faced with a vote on a supplemental municipal and industrial water repayment contract on the Bonneville Unit of the Central Utah Project, the Bureau of Reclamation confirmed this hypothesis. Through modifications in cost allocation procedures, the bureau shifted costs from municipal and industrial water to hydropower and irrigation. The result of this action was retention of the irrigation purpose in the Bonneville Unit, which would have been unjustified under previous cost allocation procedures.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1242280

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY