摘要:

AbstractDynamic games are a conceptually useful way of analyzing imperfect markets where both buyers and sellers have potential market power. Previous analysis of imperfect markets was static and limited to either exporters or importers. A dynamic game allows the inclusion of both importers and exporters in a multiperiod framework allowing the derivation of reaction functions. A Nash noncooperative difference game is applied to the international corn market to explore the plausibility of numerical results. The results are reasonable and show that the game approach based on a more comprehensive econometric model has a promising future in policy analysis.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240451

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the 1970s the Soviet Union became a major importer of grain, giving rise to fears that it could extract an undue share of the gains from East‐West trade through the monopsonistic power of its state‐trading organs and by keeping its buying intentions secret. Offer curves depicting Soviet trade are constructed using two alternative characterizations of Soviet trade decision making. We show that the grain agreement between the two countries negates most of the bargaining advantage attributed to the Soviet trade monopoly and may open the Soviet Union to exploitation by the United States.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240452

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChinese economic reforms initiated in 1978 have changed certain management procedures in the state farm sector. Prior to these reforms, state farm management had little control over use of funds, production decisions, and wage setting. After the reforms, financial responsibility was instituted and new wage‐setting devices were implemented which feature closer linking of remuneration to state farm economic performance. The impact of these reforms is discussed for soybeans, sisal, livestock, and employment. While output appears to have responded to these reforms, bottlenecks have appeared, and existing irrationalities in price relationships have been accentuated.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240453

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEstimates of a homothetic translog cost function show that Egyptian rice farmers are economically rational and responsive to input price changes. Own‐price and cross‐price elasticities of input demand based on the cost function estimates provide insight into policies currently being pursued or considered by the Egyptian government. The analysis indicates a reduction in fertilizer trade restrictions could substantially reduce fertilizer prices and increase fertilizer use. Labor and mechanical power are not strong substitutes, indicating that subsidization of machinery is not an appropriate policy to reduce agricultural labor shortages.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240454

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDemand equations in real income and nominal prices can be obtained directly by differentiating a cost function in which output is replaced by real income. This derivation is possible because recent advances show that certain index numbers provide close approximation to real income without knowledge of the utility function parameters. Three flexible functional forms corresponding to well‐known flexible cost functions were used to estimate food demand elasticities. Time‐series and cross‐sectional data from ten Indian states for twenty years were used. The estimates provide a complete set of expenditure, price, and cross‐price elasticities for four commodities, some close substitutes.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240455

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNutrient consumption patterns of low income households were analyzed using data from the special low income component of the 1977–78 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. A system of simultaneous equations for estimating food cost and diet component availability levels in home food supply was applied. The derived reduced form showed that Food Stamp Program participation had a positive impact on diet component availability levels. Impacts of other socioeconomic variables examined for diet component availability were generally larger than those for program participation and income. Diet component availability levels were relatively constant across households with different income and Food Stamp Program bonus levels.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240456

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of risk on farm level soil conservation decisions is examined. A symmetric quadratic risk‐programming model is used which allows the simultaneous consideration of uncertainty in revenues and input supplies. It is demonstrated that risk aversion can influence the selection of soil‐conserving activities.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240457

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEmpirical estimates of benefits from groundwater management are reported for an area in California with heavy reliance on groundwater supplies. Benefits are quite sensitive to the water demand schedule and interest rate but less sensitive to other parameters. However, in all cases considered the increases in welfare from groundwater management are less than ten percent. Tax revenues received under a system of pump taxes are four to five times as large as the benefits from management. Thus, groundwater users gain under a system of quotas but may suffer substantial welfare losses under pump taxes.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240458

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMathematical programming methods were used, in conjunction with multilevel planning concepts, to estimate the value of foreign access to U.S. fisheries. The results indicate that the United States could raise the fees it charges substantially above 1981 levels without reducing the demand for access. However, treasury revenues are bounded from above by the incentive for joint ventures. This bound is estimated to be approximately two‐thirds of the revenue potentially available under centralized planning.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240459

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe household decision to produce vegetables at home was found to be influenced significantly by the area of household residence, homeownership, race, source of income, the number and ages of adults in the household, and the potential for saving money. It was estimated that an average gardening household saved approximately $‐40 per year on vegetables. This is approximately twenty percent of the average amount spent on vegetables in 1977 by nongardening households. A simultaneous equation model was estimated to derive these results.

ISSN:0002-9092    

DOI:10.2307/1240460

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY