摘要:

The recent UK Government White Paper on ‘Standards, quality and international competitiveness’, followed by the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between Government and BSI and the subsequent launching of the National Quality Campaign has emphasised the need for the country to have a strong home market dependent on the correct standards and quality assurance procedures, thus avoiding import penetration and at the same time competing successfully overseas. The key ingredient in this success is design, and the paper stresses the need to design for the quality required by the market and the techniques that are available to the designer to enable him to do so.

DOI:10.1049/ip-a-1.1983.0030

出版商:IEE    

年代:1983

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The aim of ergonomics in design is to maximise the human contribution to system performance, and to ensure that users are not overloaded in their activities. The optimum ‘allocation of functions’ between the users and the rest of the system must be achieved, and the user-system interfce must be compatible with human capabilities and limitations. Task descriptions, and approaches to modelling user behaviour, help in this. Both the hardware interface and the software interface are important in computer-based systems. Other aspects of system design with substantial ergonomics content are procedural aids, the workspace and environmental aspects. Good ergonomics practice demands comprehensive consideration of all the facets of human interaction with the system.

DOI:10.1049/ip-a-1.1983.0031

出版商:IEE    

年代:1983

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The paper summarises briefly the overall objectives of industrial design when applied to engineering, the nature of the problems to be solved and the techniques available. It emphasises that, although visual aspects of engineering design are important, the primary aim of industrial design in engineering is often to improve system performance, efficiency, reliability and safety under service conditions, through analysis of the man-machine relationships, and application of ergonomic techniques and of ergonomic aspects of form, colour and graphics to the operational, control and maintenance interfaces. A philosophy in support of industrial design is suggested which emphasises especially the importance of including the man-machine interface requirements in the initial engineering specification for development, without which analysis of these factors is likely to be delayed until a late stage in the project, when it becomes impracticable to adjust the design to accommodate them.

DOI:10.1049/ip-a-1.1983.0032

出版商:IEE    

年代:1983

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The major objective of the paper is to widen the appreciation of computers in engineering, particularly those aspects of computer-aided design, analysis and draughting. No apology is made for keeping the scope to the basic fundamentals of computer hardware and software. Attention has been given to what can be achieved within a budget, together with the advantages/disadvantages of micro, mini or mainframe computer facilities in an engineering environment.

DOI:10.1049/ip-a-1.1983.0033

出版商:IEE    

年代:1983

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The author discusses the duality of design thinking which arises from the major educational divide of arts and sciences and ascribes to this some of the reasons for our poor industrial performance, particularly in translating innovative ideas into profitable international exports. He sees design as an essentially integrating activity where objective and subjective values need to be synthesised. He discusses briefly some of the categories of products broadly within the electrical field together with design problems which arise, particularly those of identity. He sees the ultimate creative and synthesising activity as a development in management where the present divisions in understandings and operation are reconciled within an integrated design strategy.

DOI:10.1049/ip-a-1.1983.0034

出版商:IEE    

年代:1983

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The underspecification of complex systems is a problem which is costing the electronics and computer industries large amounts of money each year. Formal specification languages have been proposed as a way of improving the quality of specifications, but there are many candidate languages and few guidelines on how to select the most suitable one. The paper examines the aims of a specification language, and suggests a classification scheme which simplifies the selection process.

DOI:10.1049/ip-a-1.1983.0035

出版商:IEE    

年代:1983

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The paper considers the design of electronic equipments for use in the BBC's broadcast operation and deals with the various aspects which must be considered in the design if the result is to be successful. The requirements of the user are considered, and the paper stresses the need to prepare a comprehensive functional and technical specification at the start of the design. Attention is drawn to the man-machine interface, and the paper goes on to highlight the necessity of the designer ensuring that the balance he chooses between performance and cost results in a design which is value for money. In broadcasting, reliability and ease of maintenance are important considerations, and these are dealt with, as is the necessity to ensure that the equipment can be easily made. The paper also considers the use of new technology in broadcasting equipment and the reaction its use produces. In conclusion, the application of the principles outlined to the design of a UHF transposer is described.

DOI:10.1049/ip-a-1.1983.0036

出版商:IEE    

年代:1983

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The basic concept of ‘design’ may be defined as a translation of an idea into a physical reality, or, in equivelent terms, the translation of a ‘need’ to a ‘solution’. Thus, the activities of engineers and designer become almost synonymous. While it is convenient, and to an extent necessary, to separate different steps of design, it is vital to pay proper attention always to the correct balance and overall concept. The objective of the paper is to sketch out the ‘System approach’, entailing the combination of the many different disciplines involved in producing engineering goods, illustrated by the author's experience in ‘heavy electrical engineering’ and acknowledging the Corfield Report. Stress is placed on the overriding need to consider the economic requirements, with special reference to a total-energy concept, and the implication of computer-aided manufacture leading to computer-integrated manufacture.

DOI:10.1049/ip-a-1.1983.0037

出版商:IEE    

年代:1983

数据来源: IET

摘要:

Although the paper traces briefly the early development of the independent consulting engineering practice in the UK, distinguishing between its role in civil engineering on the one hand and electrical and mechanical engineering on the other, it uses as its example of the design responsibility of the consulting engineer his involvement in high-voltage power transmission projects overseas. The paper does not deal in deatail with the consultant's relationships with client, contractor and lending agency, although some reference is made to changing trends in the role of the consulting engineer, including his part in the transfer of technology to the developing countries. The paper indicates how the responsibility for the design and manufacture of electromechanical plant passes to specialist manufacturers and shows how this responsibility differs in the case of overhead lines and substation civil works.

DOI:10.1049/ip-a-1.1983.0038

出版商:IEE    

年代:1983

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The paper is concerned with the management of the design of large capital plant, in particular, large turbine generators. Formal planning, monitoring and communication systems are necessary for such plant, but these do not diminish the role of the engineers and engineering managers. The systems must be operated by competent engineers, and management must create the right environment for the engineers to operate effectively.

DOI:10.1049/ip-a-1.1983.0039

出版商:IEE    

年代:1983

数据来源: IET