ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740100402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring the last decade, policy makers in a large number of countries have attempted various reforms of their health care systems. Health care reform has been described as a ‘global epidemic’ (Klein, 1993). All health care reforms consist of very complex policy choices, some of which are examined in this article. After an introductory exploration of ideological issues, the objectives of health care reformers are considered. Three major policy objectives of health care reform are examined: cost containment; efficiency; and, equity. Three types of reform which have been advocated are also considered: public planning; market regulation; and provider‐advocated reforms such as a ‘basic package’ with copayments and alternative means of finance. Finally, appropriate features of efficient health care reform are suggested, addressing explicit pol

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740100403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe socio‐economic reforms launched in China in the late 1970s led to rapid economic growth and, with it, health sector resources expanded rapidly. The rural health services have benefited from the policies of economic reform, but not in an optimal way, particularly in poor areas. This article uses a case study of a poor county—Donglan—to illustrate that the fiscal decentralization combined with the financial responsibility system have resulted in a weakening of financing and provision of rural health services in poor areas. The need for health facilities to generate revenue has had unfortunate consequences for the style of medical care, such as over‐prescription. In addition, the collapse of the cooperative medical system and the weakening of the three‐tier network of rural health care in Donglan have jeopardized preventive programs and threaten access to basic health care for the peasants, especially the poor. The study found evidence that preventive programs have deteriorated over the past years, the poor had financial difficulty in access to services, particularly hospital care, health facilities at township and village levels have been run down, and less training and supervision have been provided by upper‐level health facilities. The article concludes with recommendations for a strategy for rebuilding and strengthening the three‐tier network of rural health care, and for establishing a cooperative medical and health care scheme to ensure that the majority of peasants in Donglan can be guaranteed access to basic health services. Limited health resources will therefore b

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740100404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe health system in Greece has for many years been in a state of continuous crisis. The basic aspects of this crisis involve: a fragmented administrative framework; low level of public expenditure; a significant private sector; inadequate hospitals; skewed manpower; and, a low level of primary care. In 1983, the National Health System (ESY) was established, as an effort to improve the above situation. This article presents the context of the ESY and the situation of the health system prior to and after the establishment of the ESY. The conclusion drawn is that many of the goals of the ESY have not been achieved or only partly achieved, and that a number of the above serious problems still persist.

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740100405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe expanding health needs and expectations of a growing and changing population in Turkey are placing new pressures on a health system that is increasingly financially constrained. These pressures are bringing into sharp focus the need to take radical approaches to the organization, planning and management of the health sector; and, in particular, in the planning and management ofhealth human resources.Issues of effectiveness, efficiency and value for money are increasingly becoming the central issues for the 1990s and beyond. The article examines the development of the Turkish health system. Within a framework of health care reform proposals emerging from a major development project in the Ministry of Health itself, the text explores current initiatives and future needs in developing human resource planning if the health care reforms are to be successful in meeting the health needs of the population.

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740100406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740100407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740100409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740100410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740100411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740100412

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY