ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740020203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrimary health care (PHC) services are now recognized as a mainstay of development in low‐income regions of the world. Yet, in many of these areas, economic conditions that include a burgeoning international debt, precipitous drops in the prices of raw materials, expanding population bases, and faltering currency rates, make the effective financing of PHC services an issue requiring the most immediate attention.A potentially valuable source of assistance in such endeavors is data on consumers' payment patterns for PHC services, and on socioeconomic conditions within their communities. The Centro de Pesquisas de Assistěncia Integrada à Mulher e à Criança (CPAIMC), the principal private source of PHC in Rio de Janeiro, has collected these type of data for nine low‐income communities (LICs) within the Greater Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region. The current paper interfaces these data with previously developed solutions to address the problem of financing PHC services within the nine LICs. The solutions were recommended by a methodology developed and implemented by two of the authors. Results indicate that the consumer payment pattern and socioeconomic data support the methodology's recommendations and, more importantly, may be used to improve the effectiveness of those recommendations. Examples are provided and implications di

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740020204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe article reviews, through a historical perspective, the development world‐wide in social security systems for financing health care, considers the various patterns of health care funded by such systems, and identifies a number of the strengths and alleged weaknesses of the health insurance concept especially in the developing world. Though a range of options exists for mobilizing additional resources to the health sector, the adoption of statutory health insurance stands out as the single most practical strategy for increasing expenditures in health systems—especially expenditures on organized patterns of delivering primary health c

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740020205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract‘Health for all by the year 2000’ is unlikely to be achieved in a number of Third World countries, including those in Sub‐Saharan Africa, if reliance is placed solely on the public health budget. This article looks at a range of alternative and additional sources of revenue and, in particular, at the scope for community financing of drugs. Developments in the region are reviewed for their insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each financing scheme; and, as a guide to shaping policies that make an appropriate choice of method of health care fina

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740020206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe right to a free health service is identified as one of the founding rules of socialism; yet other sources of funding, both public and private, should not be neglected. This article reviews the major sources of financing health services in Poland. In particular, a description is made of the size and composition of funding from non‐governmental sources including: quasi‐budget funds, other funds, and out‐of‐pocket payments; and some proposals are made for change. Further work is needed in developing the criteria by which policy choices can be made, and in developing the information base; at the same time, political and social criteria will still be very important, not least on the issue of user

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740020207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMortality figures for Sweden, and for expectation of life, match and in many cases better those of other developed countries of the world. At the same time, there is no doubt that there are many inequalities existing in Sweden which such figures disguise. The ideals of achieving good health, and care on equal terms, for the whole population are fine, but the realities are some distance from their achievement. Care on equal terms must be a urgent political goal: but, the contents of that goal must be specified more clearly. Despite all the good already achieved, the article suggests some of the key areas in which political action and rethinking are now necessary.

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740020208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740020209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740020210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740020211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0749-6753    

DOI:10.1002/hpm.4740020202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY