摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between family background and child care quality for 636 children enrolled in 120 day care centres in three states in the US with widely varying regulations for child care centre quality. Family characteristics accounted for a substantial portion of the variance in day care quality. Mother' attitudes towards child‐rearing and parent' education were the most potent family‐level predictors of quality. State child care policy variables were also strong predictors of quality. Findings also suggest that the influence of environment on children's development cannot be partitioned simply into family and out‐of‐home child care effects; rather, the child care environment is an extension of the family environment, with parents determining characteristics

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430040303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study shows systematic differences in parenting behaviour across three cultural groups in Hawaii. Japanese‐, Caucasian‐ and Hawaiian‐American parents (N=149) are observed as they interact with their young children at the beach. The observed families come to the beach in different groupings. Hawaiian groups are the largest, many consisting of five or more people. Most Japanese families resemble the ‘typical’ nuclear family: two parents and one or two children. More Caucasian and Hawaiian parents come to the beach alone with their children than do Japanese‐American parents. Parents in the three groups spend their time differently. Japanese‐American parents focus almost exclusively on their children. They play with, watch or take care of them for most of the observed time. They rarely engage in solitary activities, such as reading or sunbathing, or in social activities, such as talking with each other. Caucasian parents engage in solitary activities more frequently. They encourage children to entertain and care for themselves. Hawaiian parents interact extensively with other adults, and Hawaiian children play among themselves without prompting. The Hawaiian parents interact less frequently with their children than do parents in the other groups. These findings are discussed in terms of cultural differences in views of the parenting role, the range of people socializing children and childrearing emphases on independence vs dependence, aloneness vs social involvement and innovation

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430040304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA longitudinal study was used to explore the following hypotheses concerning the relation between mothers' beliefs, their use of high distancing utterances and children's cognitive development: (1) beliefs moderate the impact of high‐distancing utterances on children's development, and (2) beliefs reflect mothers' normative expectations that motivate themselves and their children to try to satisfy them. The participants consisted of 34 children and their mothers and teachers. Results for the motherchild dialogues indicated that the distancing–cognitive performance relationship was strongest for children whose mothers had the most positive beliefs. In addition, mothers' beliefs about a 4‐year‐old child were more strongly related to children's cognitive performance at ages 6 and 10 than to cognitive performance at age 4. Characteristics of both verbal parent–child and verbal teacher–child interactions at age 4 supported a developmental task interpretation of the

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430040305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for assessing maternal attitudes. Three photographs representing infants or mother‐infant dyads were presented to 26 mothers in the second half of pregnancy and six months after birth. Nine mothers were clinical cases, seventeen mothers were nonpathological controls. Thirty‐three semantic categories were used to code the mothers' responses to the pictures. Mothers' responses were coded independently by two researchers. The factor analysis of the codes yielded an ‘attraction to, vs rejection of, children’ factor. Compared with the control group, the mean factor score of the clinical group was significantly lower, i. e. reflected less attraction (p<0.01). To study the relation between the attraction factor and the physical proximity of mothers and infants, 21 of these mother‐infant dyads were videotaped in a semi‐structured play interaction six months after birth. Recordings were coded independently by two researchers for various indices of proximity (spatial proximity, kisses, embraces, touches). The factor analysis of the codes yielded a factor contrasting distant vs close and tender interaction. A significant correlation was found between the attraction scores of pregnant women and the proximity scores of mother‐infant interaction (r= 0.46;p<0.05). These results suggest that this instrument is useful in assessing maternal attitudes of psychiatrically disturbed pregnant women and that maternal attitudes of pregnant women are significant predictors of physical proximity in motherinfant interaction at the end of the f

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430040306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430040307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430040308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430040309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430040302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY