ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article reports on the effectiveness of the Islandwide Screening, Assessment, and Treatment Program of the Child Development Project in Bermuda. From 1982 to 1984, approximately 1100 families with 2‐year‐old children were screened for children's cognitive and language delay, for behaviour management problems and for other home characteristics that put children at risk for later school failure. Children who failed the screening and subsequent assessment procedures (of whom random samples received treatment) and samples of others who passed screening and assessment were evaluated from 1984 to 1986 at 4 years of age. This article focuses on the results of the cognitive and language programs; the more problematic behaviour management analyses were reported elsewhere (Miller and Scarr, 1988). The screening procedures and assessment measures developed for this project were themselves evaluated and adjusted to maximize efficiency and costeffectiveness. The screening and assessment procedures proved effective in bringing to the attention of the Child Development Project those families and children who need developmental services, and in not overidentifying normal children as potentially delayed in development. Two kinds of treatment services were compared: The Mother‐Child Home Program (MCHP), administered by paraprofessional toy demonstrators, and other interventions tailored by professionals to the language and cognitive problems of the child (called ‘tailored programs’). Children who were not extremely delayed or disturbed were randomly assigned either to the MCHP or to a tailored program. Neither intervention program was preferable to the other. Even though improved, the 4‐year‐olds identified as developmentally delayed at 24 months still lagged behind children who passed all parts of screening and those who failed screening but passed assessment 2 years earlier. The screening and assessment procedures were very effective in the early identification of children with developmental problems, but the treatment programs failed to bring most children to normal levels of cognitive and languag

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper examines the specificity of intrafamilial experiences to which twins are exposed during early childhood, and the impact of this family context on the psychological development of twins. An overview of the literature on the psychological development of twins indicates two broad categories of findings. The first category covers studies dealing with the developmental features that appear early in twins. Although there are numerous studies comparing the psychomotor and verbal development of twins to singletons, only a few have dealt with the emergence of personality and identity, and most have been conducted in clinical settings. The second set of studies deals with mother‐twin relations, explored in recent years in terms of the psychosocial stress created by twin births. Few studies have examined the mother‐twin relationship in the light of major theories on mother‐child bonding (psychoanalysis, attachment, interactionist model). These developmental models have mainly focused on mother‐infant dyads, while the construction of this specific mother‐twin relationship needs to be set within the framework of a triadic situation. Rather than describing a specific ‘twin mentality’, it is argued here that the twin situation should be seen as a special case of adaptative development, both for the mother and the child, which has effects on the formation of t

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 34 healthy 1‐month‐old infants sleep, waking, crying and conditioning were analysed in detail. Intellectual functioning and coping with an unfamiliar situation were assessed at the age of 3 years. Likewise, the social environment including mother‐infant interaction was considered. The majority of sleep and waking parameters assessed during the first month did not correlate with outcome data at 3 years. Rather, it was those concerning conditioning at 1 month that significantly correlated with coping in an unfamiliar situation at 3 years, a finding in accordance with neurophysiological concepts concerning stimulus sensitivity. More sensitive infants at 1 month had problems in coping with an unfamiliar situation at 3 years. In the light of these results we suggest that factors related to central nervous system processes play a role in coping with unfamiliar situa

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractParenting self‐efficacy, maternal vigilance, competence and child behaviour were studied in a community sample of mothers of 18‐36‐month‐old children. Thirty dysphoric mothers had elevated Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores (12–16) and 30 nondysphoric mothers had BDIs<5. Dysphoric mothers were more stressed, less happily married, less effective as parents and described their children as less competent and responsive than did non‐dysphoric mothers. When completing a distracting questionnaire task, all mothers were less vigilant and their children less well behaved than during free play. Stressed, dysphoric mothers were observed to be less sensitive, responsive, warm, vigilant and effective in controlling their children, and their children were more destructive, and less happy, responsive and compliant. Combined maternal stress and dysphoria were associated with generally negative perceptions of self and child, and negative mother‐child

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030401

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY