摘要:

AbstractIn a study of the quality of care, interviews and observations of 45 playgroups in three areas of England were conducted. The Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale was used as a measure of quality. The influence of area, resources, management, size, space, staffing, training, support, parental involvement and staff dissatisfaction upon quality were considered. The major influence was playgroup leader training, and parental involvement was also associated with quality of care. Parental involvement and staff training were strongly linked, indicating the confounding of family and child care characteristics and the importance of understanding family and child care interrelationships. The applicability of the measures to English playgroups was discussed.

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractShared focus between mother and child during joint activity was examined. Ten dyads were observed at 16 and 20 months. We found that the level of conventionality expressed by shared focus increases with age. The activity becomes more oriented towards the cultural aspects of the objects than to material aspects, and social games become more oriented towards symbolic and linguistic aspects than to practical ones. Moreover, we found that the content of the game influences the function of the child's utterances both at 16 and at 20 months. These results point to the cultural specification of joint activity, which can be viewed as mediating the development of intersubjectivity as well as individual behaviour.

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the relations between various aspects of social support and maternal and infant outcome variables in a group of families having infants showing food refusal compared to a control group. In the case of early food refusal, the results indicated that access to emotional support and satisfaction with support were related to maternal psychosomatic health. The relationships were interpreted as showing that social support has moderating effects on negative outcomes of food refusal.

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty‐seven mothers estimated their pre‐school children's development on a psychometrically constructed multidomain mothers' inventory. Similar data were obtained for the same children from 13 pre‐school teachers. The mothers' and pre‐school teachers' estimates were compared to the children's scores on McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA). The mothers' inventory responses yielded convergent–divergent correlations with the MSCA results; in two domains out of seven, their standardized estimations were significantly lower than standardized MSCA scores, and in no case higher. Teachers' estimates deviated more than mothers' estimates from MSCA verbal and motor development scores, though in the latter case the difference between teachers and mothers were less marked. Both mothers' and teachers' difference scores (i.e. deviation of their estimates from MSCA scores) were highly correlated with the respective MSCA scores. However, when the difference scores are adjusted for shared error variance, the correlations shrink and are in most cases non‐

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe impact of premature birth and perinatal medical status on early mother–infant interaction was assessed in 75 dyads with pre‐term infants divided into three groups. Infants' gestational age at birth and need for neonatal intensive care intervention differentiated the groups: group 1, 23–31 weeks with intensive care; group 2, 32–35 weeks with intensive care; group 3, 32–35 weeks with no intensive care. The methodological approach was based on observations of the dyads performed when the infant reached a post. conceptional age of 34 weeks (4 weeks before estimated due date of delivery). The observations were conducted in the neonatal nursery during cleaning, face‐to‐face and feeding interactions. Significant group differences were found in infant distress, maternal sensitivity to the infant and dyadic behaviours of positive interaction. Group 1 dyads showed higher scores or more desirable performance than dyads of group 3. Group 2 dyads usually achieved intermediate scores and performed better than dyads of group 3, especially during the feeding situation. We suggest that, in addition to a possible emergence of maternal compensatory mechanisms in the higher‐risk groups, the amount of dyadic experience after birth affects the quality of mother–infant interaction at

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ontogeny of referential offers was examined in a longitudinal, within dyad case study of two mother–infant pairs. A combination of microanalytic and qualitative methodologies was employed in describing the functions and morphology of this gesture, as well as its temporal and sequential organization with a number of infant and maternal behaviours. Offers were found to emerge from repetitive, exploratory play routines that provide infants with alternative visual perspectives on objects, and were facilitated by mothers' support of infants' immature attentional, motoric and arousal regulation capacities. Offers were observed to co. occur with maternal behaviours that direct and maintain infants' attention to objects. Our observations suggest that offers are transformed through guided interactions into conventional communicative gestures. Offering arises as mothers become part of the infants' exploratory play routines, gradually changing the function of the behaviour of the infants. These observations are consistent with dynamic systems models of developmen

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNewborn infants were familiarized to a three dimensional display consisting of a rod which moved behind a central occluder, so that only the top and bottom of the rod were visible. The infants' eyes were 38 cm from the rod and the occluder was 15 cm in front of the rod, a separation intended to ensure that the gap between the two was detected by the infants. On subsequent test trials the infants looked longer at a complete rod than at two rod pieces, suggesting that the hidden unity, or completeness of the rod had not been perceived. In a study by Johnson and Náñez (in press), using computer. generated stimuli, 4 month olds perceived the hidden unity of a similar display presented on a VDU in the complete absence of three. dimensional depth cues. Taken together, these findings suggest that, for these displays, perception of three. dimensional depth cues is not necessary for the detection of the unity of partially hidden objects. It is suggested that age changes in early infancy in the perception of occluded objects may result either from the emergence of abilities to perceive objects from kinematic information or from the emergence of sensitivity to that information itsel

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-3593    

DOI:10.1002/edp.2430030301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY