摘要:

We examined the degree of inactivation of 22 antibiotics caused by prolonged incubation at 36 °C of agar plates during agar dilution susceptibility testing of Bordetellae. Fresh antibiotic-containing plates of charcoal horse blood agar and plates which had been held at 36 °C for 2 or 3 days prior to inoculation were inoculated with strains of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis and incubated for 2 days. Then the MICs were compared. Most antibiotics showed a loss of activity of up to four dilution steps after prolonged incubation. Further studies with other slow-growing organisms and other complex media are neede

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238545

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fifty-two children (mean age 23 months) with acute otitis media were treated randomly with either a single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone (Rocephin®) 50 mg/kg (27 patients) or 7 days of amoxicillin 12.5 mg/kg t.i.d. (25 patients). The rate of resolution of acute symptoms and incidence of recurrences and relapses during the first months after commencement of the therapy was similar in the two groups. One week following the start of treatment no difference was observed in the proportion of patients with tympanometric evidence of middle ear effusion (MEE) in either of the two groups. On day 30, however, significantly more patients from the ceftriaxone group had flat tympanograms -83 % as compared to 47 % in the amoxicillin group. Therefore, single-dose ceftriaxone therapy cannot be suggested at present as routine therapy for acute otitis, although it may be considered a reasonable alternative in noncompliant patients

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238646

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The susceptibility of 310 mainly clinically isolated Gram-negative nonfermenters to aztreonam, carumonam, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and fleroxacin was determined by agar dilution. All 3 quinolones were very active, with MIC90 ranges (μg/ml) against all organisms ranging between 0.25 and 8 for ciprofloxacin, and 0.25 and 16.0 for ofloxacin and fleroxacin, respectively. Aztreonam and carumonam showed less activity than the quinolones on a weight-for-weight basis, with MIC90 values ranging from 4 to 32 for both drugs; only Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus biotypes haemolyticus and alcaligenes were uniformly susceptible to both monobactams. The broad-spectrum activity of the 3 quinolones suggests potential use in therapy of infections caused by nonfermenters; monobactams should be reserved for infections caused by P. aeruginosa and possibly Acinetobacter spp

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238546

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Seventy animals with experimental aortic valve endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were randomized to receive: no therapy; pefloxacin 40 or 80 mg/kg/day i.v.; or vancomycin 30 mg/kg/day i.v. Vancomycin caused a more rapid decrease in intravegetation MRSA counts than pefloxacin at 40 or 80 mg/kg/day (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively, therapy day 3). The major correlate of therapeutic efficacy in this study was the significantly higher mean intravegetation levels achieved by vancomycin (16.8 ± 6.1 μg/g) versus those attained by pefloxacin therapy at either 40 (1.6 ± 0.13 μg/g) or 80 mg/kg/day (2.8 ± 0.53 μg/g, p < 0.005, p < 0.025, respecti

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238547

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Twenty-six adults with acute bacterial meningitis were enrolled in an open randomized comparative study. The organisms isolated from CSF were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcusepidermidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli and Salmonellatyphi. 13 patients (group A) were treated once daily with intravenous ceftriaxone (Rocephin®). The 13 patients in group B received ampicillin or ampicillin plus chloramphenicol in 4 doses/day. The mean duration of therapy in groups A and B was 9.9 and 12.3 days, respectively. This difference in the duration of therapy was statistically significant. All patients from group A showed clinical improvement and all were bacteriologically cured. In group B only 12 patients were clinically and bacteriologically cured; 1 patient had to be withdrawn from the therapy because CSF culture remained positive after 48 h of therapy. Ceftriaxone was well tolerated in all patients; ampicillin or ampicillin plus chloramphenicol were associated with diarrhea and skin rash in 6 patients

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238647

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin®) has shown excellent tissue and body fluid penetration after a dose of 1–2 g: concentrations well above the minimal inhibitory concentrations of most pathogens responsible for infection are detectable for more than 24 h. Data from over 60 tissues were analyzed from the literature; a selection of comparative and noncomparative studies of clinical relevance is present

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238648

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of five antimycobacterial drugs isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol on the generation of reactive oxidants by polymorphonuclear leucocytes was investigated in vitro, using N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) activated and spontaneous luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence and myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination. Streptomycin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol had no effect on the assays at the concentrations investigated. Isoniazid at concentrations of 1.25 and 5 μg/ml and rifampicin at 100 μg/ml significantly inhibited iodination. Rifampicin also caused dose-dependent inhibition of chemiluminescence, which was partly due to its light-absorbing activities. It is concluded that isoniazid, and to a lesser extent, rifampicin at therapeutic concentrations possess anti-oxidative propertie

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238548

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238649

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238650

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Uptake of the bifunctional alkylating agent, PTT.119, p-F-Phe-m-bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-L-Phe-Met-ethoxy-HCl, by the MJY-alpha mammary tumor and B16 melanoma cell lines occurred via two natural pathways for amino acid transport. The primary route of PTT.119 entry was the classical L System, whereas, the ASC System carrier was inconsistently operational for uptake of the tripeptide accounting for 5–6% of PTT.119 transport in the B16 melanoma cells. Tripeptide uptake by MJY-alpha mammary tumor cells did not occur via ASC carriers indicating that the mechanism of drug transport was dissimilar among the tumor cells. In spite of these differences the results support the hypothesis that amino acid residues covalently linked to an alkylating moiety do serve as carriers to enhance drug deliver

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238549

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger