摘要:

Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) plasma peak levels between 40 and 60 μg/ml of the total sulfonamide concentration, representing the unchanged drug and all its metabolites, and between 30 and 50 μg/ml of the potentially bacteriostatic fraction are reached within 2–4 h after ingestion of 800 mg SMZ alone or in combination with 160 mg trimethoprim (TMP). Plasma disappearance of SMZ is characterized by first order processes. Elimination half-lives average about 10 h for the total sulfonamide and about 8 h for the active fraction which represents almost exclusively the unchanged drug. Assuming total absorption the apparent volume of distribution for SMZ is approximately 11 liter. Steady-state plasma levels of 50–80 μg/ml of the total SMZ and of 32–47 μg/ml of the active fraction are achieved after 2–3 days and maintained on a chronic oral dosing schedule of 800 mg SMZ every 12 h. The average plateau concentration of the unchanged and bacteriostatically active drug is approximately 65% of the total sulfonamide concentration. Simultaneous application of TMP does not alter the pharmacokinetics of SMZ neither in case of single nor of chronic oral administration. Both drugs are, therefore, well suitable for combined clinical c

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221822

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A semiautomatic microdilution method is described, which requires 44 μl of blood for each determination of antibacterial activity. The test strain used was Staphylococcus aureus SG 511; the medium was Standard I nutrient broth. The end point was determined after 14–16 incubation by the changing color of the indicator (phenol red). The dilution factor was alternated, 1:1.33 and 1:1.5; the standard was performed in triplicate, both leading to a lower deviation as compared with the twofold dilution methods. In a study of clindamycin pharmacokinetics in children, almost identical blood levels were obtained when comparing the microdilution method with a previously used microdisc diffusion method; however, the microtube dilution method was easier to perfo

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221823

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ticarcillin half-life was determined in patients with severe renal failure. In nine patients the mean half-life was 13.5 h, while in four patients undergoing haemodialysis the mean half-life was reduced to 4.7 h. It is recommended that 2-gram doses of ticarcillin be given every 8 h with an extra dose midway through an 8-hour dialysis period when treating Pseudomonas pyocyanea infections.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221824

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Body lice and Ornithodoros moubata ticks infected with Rickettsia prowazekii were injected with varying concentrations of oxytetracycline. The mode of its action was determined and evaluated at the same time on the base of R. prowazekii number (LID100) and the level of this antibiotic. It was found that oxytetracycline in louse organism is inactivated fairly rapidly, and in consequence, in concentration of 1 µg/individual, causes a secondary growth of R. prowazekii following the rickettsiacidal and later rickettsiastatic period. In the tick organism, on the other hand, there is a total liquidation of R. prowazekii due to a long maintenance of an adequate level of oxytetracycline (at initial concentrations 2.5–10 µg/ti

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221825

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Nine 1,3,4-thiadiazoles showed an antiviral action against Mengo virus; four of them were also active against vaccinia virus and one against fowl plague virus. Investigations with Mengo virus revealed plaque reduction, inhibition of the cytopathic effect and depression of virus multiplication, with the maximum activity after substance addition from 0–2 h during a one-step growth cycle. The substances failed to affect cell-free virus, virus adsorption, or penetration. The antiviral action was reversible by washing out the compound, without observation of an inhibitor-resistent period. These results point to an early engagement in the replication cycle and a complete inhibition of multiplication of Mengo viru

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221826

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

99 hospital patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were studied. 50 were treated with tetracycline in a dose of 2 g daily for 10 days, and the results compared with 49 patients treated with pivampicillin in a dose of 1.4 g daily (equivalent to 1 g ampicillin). The trial was single-blind. Changes in general state were assessed, as well as purulence, quantity and bacteriology of the sputum, both during and after treatment. Side-effects were more frequent in the patients given tetracycline, especially diarrhoea. Clinical assessment showed superiority for pivampicillin against tetracycline at both the 7th and 11th day of treatment, and when measuring total overall success. Both reduction in the volume of sputum and freedom from purulent relapse were significantly better for the group of patients given pivampicillin. There was no significant difference in the bacteriological results or for the time taken for the sputum to change from purulent to mucoid in both groups. Improvement in mean pulmonary function tended to be higher with pivampicillin.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221827

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221828

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221829

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221830

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221831

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger