摘要:

Disposition of cefsulodin (125 mg · kg––1) was studied in rat frontal cortex after intravenous injection of a bolus by two methods. In vivo voltametry and high performance liquid chromatography of cefsulodin in brain extracts gave different concentration values. The ratio of concentrations determined by the two methods was similar to the ratio of the extravascular volume to total volume. Thus, these findings evidenced the distribution of cefsulodin in the extravascular fluid of the rat frontal co

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238441

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of ceftriaxone, a ‘third-generation’ cephalosporin, on bilirubin-serum albumin complexes were investigated. This study was performed on human adult samples at various bilirubin-albumin ratios. Ceftriaxone caused a decrease of unconjugated bilirubin and simultaneously an increase of erythrocyte-bound bilirubin. These variations were proportionally more important for low concentrations of antibiotic, including therapeutic values. It was concluded that ceftriaxone competes with bilirubin and displaces it from albumin-binding si

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238442

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The penetration of N-formimidoyl thienamycin into extravascular fluids was studied in rabbits. Two different models were used: subcutaneously implanted tissue chambers and fibrin clots. The antibiotic was given intramuscularly as a single dose of 10 mg/kg. The degree of penetration into these compartments was determined by comparing the area under the curve for the specific fluid with the area under the curve for plasma expressed in percent. The percentage of penetration of N-formimidoyl thienamycin into tissue chamber fluid (76.24%) was similar to that into fibrin clots (75.15%).

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238443

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ciprofloxacin is one of the newer 4-quinolones. It combines a high antibacterial activity and a broad spectrum with favourable pharmacokinetic properties. The present study was designed to detect the influence of urinary pH and fluid consumption on crystalluria. Six healthy volunteers aged 25–41 years, 3 of each sex, participated in the study. Single doses of 1,000 and 500 mg of ciprofloxacin were given orally. The urinary pH was varied by giving each subject three different diets: a regular diet, a diet supplemented by ammonium chloride to acidify urine, and a diet supplemented by sodium bicarbonate to obtain alkaline urine. The urine volume and pH were measured and microscopically examined at 37°C immediately after voiding. After the very high dose of 1,000 mg ciprofloxacin the regular diet regimen led to crystalluria in only one subject. Even with this high dose, but with the acidifying regimen, no crystals were observed in any one of the volunteers. When bicarbonate was supplemented 5 of 6 volunteers presented crystals in 22 of the 36 urine samples. 21 of the crystalluric urine samples showed a pH ≥ 7.3. After the usual 500-mg dose and regular diet no crystals were observed at all; only in 3 subjects who received bicarbonate supplement crystals have been seen. In the urine of two subjects crystals emerged ‘ex vivo’ after some hours of storage at both 37°C and room temperature; these results show the importance of sediment observation at 37°C immediately after voiding to differentiate between real and ‘ex vivo’ crystalluria. Results of different examinations permit the conclusion that the crystals contain mostly unchanged ciprofloxacin as major component and magnesium as characteristic element. Participation of the metabolite 2 in the crystal formation cannot be excluded. No significant change was observed in blood counts and blood chemistry of any subject. Urinalysis showed no modifications except the eventual presence of the typical drug-related crystals. Hematuria

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238444

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using the checkerboard agar dilution technique, antibacterial activity and in vitro interactions of 4 antineoplastic agents and 5 antimicrobial drugs were examined against 56 strains of 7 bacterial species. 5-fluorouracil was found to inhibit all strains of Staphylococcus aureus and of Staphylococcus epidermidis at a concentration of 0.8 μg/ml or less. 84% of all gram-negative strains were inhibited synergistically when 5-fluorouracil was combined with beta-lactam antibiotics. Methotrexate and cefotiam were antagonistic in 42% of all combinations, especially when tested against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238445

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The new aryl fluoroquinolones, Abbott 56619 and Abbott 56620, were compared to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and newer β-lactam agents in standardized microliter testing versus multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Ciprofloxacin, followed by Abbott 56620, was generally the most active quinolone and imipenem the most active β-lactam agen

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238446

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The antimicrobial activity of cefmetazole was compared with those of cefmenoxime, ceftizoxime, cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cephalothin, and latamoxef. In general, the activity of cefmetazole was less than those of the other cephalosporins. The in vitro activity of cefmetazole suggests that it will not prove useful as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238447

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A total of 106 strains of Clostridium perfringens type A, that had been isolated very recently from faecal cultures of healthy adults, were examined for susceptibility to 23 antimicrobial drugs (agar dilution method). All strains were susceptible to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid, imipenem, metronidazole, mezlocillin, ofloxacin, penicillin G, piperacillin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin. Teicoplanin and imipenem were the most active, whereas fosfomycin and tetracycline were the least active drugs. Three of the 106 strains revealed multiple drug resistance against clindamycin, erythromycin, josamycin, tetracycline, and, in one instance, against chloramphenicol.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238448

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The comparative in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, mezlocillin, azlocillin, and tobramycin was evaluated against 188 isolates from bacteremic patients and 161 aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative rods. Although some streptococcal (particularly enterococcal) blood isolates, Pseudomonas spp., and nonfermentative gram-negative rods were not inhibited by ciprofloxacin, it was nevertheless the most active compound tested against both microorganism groups.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238449

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A-16686 is a novel glycopeptide antibiotic derived from Actinoplanes. A-16686 inhibited hemolytic streptococci groups A, B, C, F, and G at concentrations of ≤ 0.06 to 0.5 μg/ml, with 90% inhibited by 0.5μg/ml, including erythromycin-resistant isolates. S. bovis, various viridans groups streptococci, S. mitis, S. mutans, and S. sanguis were inhibited by ≤ 1 μg/ml, and MICs of S.faecalis and S.faecium were 0.5–2 μg/ml. Most staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant strains, were inhibited by 1 or 2 μg/ml. A-16686 was bactericidal with minimal difference between MIC and MBC for gram-positive species. A-16686 did not inhibit Enterobacteriaceae or Pseud

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000238450

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger