摘要:

New evidence is presented in support of the hypothesis put forth by Camba et al. [1] that streptomycin enters bacterial cells by a process of active transport. In this paper a general inhibitor of transport, uranyl nitrate, when added to the bacterial suspension prior to the addition of streptomycin, was shown to significantly increase the resistance to the drug. Furthermore, in suspensions of cells with a progressively exhausted endogenous metabolism and consequently with less available energy, a corresponding increase in the amount of streptomycin remaining in the supernatant was observed.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221945

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sisomicin and gentamicin were tested in vitro against 222 clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria using the ICS agar dilution procedure. The two drugs were comparable in terms of overall activity although statistical analyses of the data revealed significant differences in their activity against several genera. Sisomicin was significantly more active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p < 0.001), Proteus mirabilis (p < 0.005), and Escherichia coli (p < 0.01); gentamicin was significantly more active against Klebsiella (p < 0.001). In most instances, 4.0 μg/ml of either drug was inhibitory for 90% or more of the isolates of each genus tested

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221946

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The influence of the host immunosuppression on antimycobacterial effects of isoniazid, rifampicin or streptomycin was studied on animal models. Differences in survival rates of mice influenced or uninfluenced by azathioprine (Imuran) and exposed to six applications of antituberculous drugs (given once a day in the monotherapy) were statistically evaluated. The dose-dependent antimycobacterial effects of rifampicin or isoniazid were not significantly altered by the immunosuppression of the host. In contrary to that definite dose-dependent effect of streptomycin, observed in azathioprine-uninfluenced mice, cannot be confirmed in immunosuppressed mice in which no effect of streptomycin on the survival of tuberculous mice could be estimated.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221947

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

BHK-21 cells persistently infected with either vaccinia or foot and mouth disease virus were used to study the efficacy of antiviral compounds. The results of the persistent infection cell culture (PICC) test were compared with those obtained by the plaque reduction (PR) test. The comparison showed that: (1) the PICC test is more informative than the PR test; (2) stimulative as well as inhibitory activities of compounds are detectable, and (3) since the PICC test can be carried on for several weeks or even months this test is especially well suited to study the problem of drug resistance in cell cultures.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221948

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ampicillin (Semicillin) and Amoxycillin (Amoxil) have a strong leptospirocidal effect in vitro and also in vivo. We have tested these drugs on 28 patients suffering from Leptospira infection. The patients generally received per os 3 g Ampicillin (Semicillin) or 2 g Amoxycillin (Amoxil) per day over a period of 6 days. In the groups treated with Ampicillin and Amoxycillin the average durations of fever during the treatment were 1.6 and 1.2 days, respectively. In the first group (Ampicillin) a ‘second wave of fever’ occurred in one case (5 %) and in the second group (Amoxycillin), in 0% (as compared to 22% after treatment with benzylpenicillin). On the basis of our experiences, Ampicillin and Amoxycillin are strongly recommended for the treatment of human Leptospira infecti

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221949

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

16 patients with acute urinary tract infections, 6 with acute lower respiratory tract infections and 3 with miscellaneous infections were treated with 1 g cefazolin parenterally 3 times daily. All patients, except one in whom therapy was discontinued, were cured. Both intramuscular and intravenous administration resulted in high-peak serum levels, and concentrations after 8 h were still inhibitory to relevant pathogens. The drug was well tolerated and caused, after intramuscular injection, probably less pain than does cephalotin. Cefazolin is a rational choice of therapy in severe cases of acute urinary, respiratory, and other infections.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221950

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The uptake of sulfonamides and sulfonamide potentiators by plasma albumin, red blood cells and hemoglobin of man, ox, rabbit and mouse has been determined. From the figures obtained the distribution of these compounds between cells, macromolecules and aqueous phases of blood has been calculated. In most cases more than 50% of total sulfonamide in blood is bound to plasma albumin. The time necessary for establishment of concentration equilibrium of the drugs investigated between erythrocytes and surrounding medium varies between a few seconds and several minutes, differences between the species being encountered. Hemoglobin binding of the drugs is much smaller than albumin binding. Nevertheless, drug concentration within the erythrocytes is generally higher than in the surrounding medium.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221951

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221952

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221953

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000221954

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger