摘要:

Under various experimental conditions, bacteria of a sulfonamide-sensitive Escherichia coli B-strain were incubated in solutions of 0.2–0.4 mmol/l of 35S-sulfadiazine. Uptake of the labelled sulfadiazine material by bacterial cells was assessed quantitatively. In response to rising concentrations of the external medium, intracellular sulfadiazine levels rose more than 1.5 times. The 35S-radioactivity within the subcellular components was investigated after breakage and fractionation of Escherichia coli cells, incubated in 35S-sulfadiazine. 35S-sulfadi-azine was demonstrated in all three fractions (cell wall fraction, ribosome fraction and the soluble fraction). An accumulation was found only in the soluble fraction (the particle-free supernatant after centrifugation of the ribosomes). Simultaneous incubation with p-amino-benzoic acid had no effect on the accumulation or on the intracellular distribution of 35S-sulfadiazin

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220863

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Evidence is presented to show that trimethoprim (TMP) is subjected to passive, nonionic tubular diffusion in the kidneys. With urinary pH values below 6.2 there is generally net tubular secretion, whereas there is net reabsorption above this point. The reabsorption of active sulfamethoxazole (SMZa) was only slightly influenced by the urinary pH. The urine concentration of SMZa remained the same for all degrees of renal impairment until 5 ml/min creatinine clearance. The urine concentrations of TMP were lowered more gradually with reductions in renal function. In nephrosis, TMP excretion was above that found with a corresponding renal function for a group of patients with other chronic renal diseases.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220864

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Twelve healthy subjects were given a single oral dose of 1 g of indanyl carbenicillin (C.P. 15,464), a new carbenicillin derivative which can be administered orally since it resists destruction by gastric acid. The urinary concentrations of carbenicillin exceeded 800 μg/ml during the 3 h following administration, and in 9 of 12 cases reached a level greater than 1,000 μg/ml. Up to the 6th h after administration they remained greatly superior to the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the majority of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and indole-positive proteus. In the same subjects, the oral administration of 2 g of C.P. 15,464 and, subsequently, the i.v. injection of an equivalent quantity of carbenicillin (1.53 g), were used to establish the pharmacokinetics of indanyl carbenicillin; the alimentary absorption is 36%, the maximal serum level is reached between 1 and 2 h, and is 11.2 μg/ml, falling slowly, since alimentary absorption is still continuing, to about 4-5 h, and excretion is predominantly renal, thus ensuring high urinary levels. The new carbenicillin derivative enables urinary infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and indole-positive proteus to be treated by the oral route. The effective dose appears to be 1 g every 6 h. However, the serum concentrations attained are insufficient for the treatment of infections situated outside the urinary tra

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220865

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The tissue distribution of cephalexin, a cephalosporin C derivative, was studied in New Zealand rabbits at 25 days of pregnancy, following oral or i.m. administration. Evidence was obtained that this antibiotic is well absorbed when given orally The placental transfer of cephalexin occurred in both oral and parenteral treatments, however, the drug levels detected in fetal tissues were lower than in the pregnant. Marked differences were observed in the maternal and fetal tissue distribution of the cephalexin between orally- and parenterally-treated rabbits.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220866

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The activity of the combined preparation of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole against 152 strains of Pseudomonas and 348 strains of Proteus was investigated. In the disc diffusion test, 29.3% of the Pseudomonas and 94.8% of the Proteus strains were in the sensitive or moderately sensitive regions. The MIC, as determined by the plate dilution test, was found to be 2.5 μg/ml TMP and 50 μg/ml SMZ for 9.2% of the Pseudomonas and 87.4% of the Proteus strains. Comparison of the activity of the individual components with that of the combination showed the combination to be superio

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220867

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The in vivo synergism between kanamycin and penicillin is investigated by comparing the antibacterial activity of plasma of rabbits treated i.m. with both antibiotics given alone or in a fixed combination. When studied as a function of time, the combination is statistically found synergistic against the S. aureus tested, 2 and 4 h after treatment. The synergism is also significantly demonstrated on 2 strains (S. aureus and E. coli) out of 3, when assays are undertaken 2 h after the i.m. administration of the antibiotics.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220868

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Of 15,819 patients hospitalized in Greek hospitals during the years 1969–1970, 6,690 (42.3%) received antibiotic treatment. Of those, 4,177 (62.%) received one antibiotic, and 2,513 (37.6%) two or more in combination. There was no difference between teaching hospitals of Athens and non-teaching hospitals of Athens and several provincial towns. A large number of authorities believe that a great number of antimicrobial drugs are prescribed needlessly. In view of the high frequency of adverse reactions and the high cost of these drugs, this is a matter of serious concern. In this brief report we publish the results of a survey on the use of the antimicrobial drugs in Greek hospital

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220869

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220870

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000220862

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger