摘要:

A new semisynthetic ureidopenicillin (Bay K 4999) demonstrates favorably in vitro antibacterial efficacy against human-pathogenic gram-negative rods in comparison to mezlocillin and azlocillin. A comparative pharmacokinetic study was done with 10 test subjects after 30 min intravenous infusion of 4.0 g of Bay K and mezlocillin, respectively. The serum concentration course during a period of 10 h showed an open three-compartment model for both antibiotics. The urine recovery of Bay K 4999 during 24 h was only 32.6 ± 4.3% of the applied dose. In three test subjects with normal renal function, the average renal clearance of Bay K was 61.0, the total serum clearance was 409.2 ml/min/1.73 m2. 31 patients were treated with a daily dose of 3 × 1.0–2.0 g Bay K for severe bronchopulmonary, UTI and cholangiogenic infections. The therapeutic results were good; the relatively high number of side effects should be further investigated in animal studies and require more clinical experie

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237887

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cefuroxime was given to 5 neurosurgical patients intravenously in intervals of 8 h. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations were determined periodically over several days. Our results (72 CSF and serum concentrations) show that cefuroxime penetrates the blood CSF barrier to the same low degree as the previously used cephalosporins. In patients with noninflamed meninges the maximum CSF concentration amounted to 0.09 μg/ml, in patients with meningitis the maximum concentration amounted to 8.28 μg/ml. Although these concentrations were achieved, we would recommend cefuroxime only then, if pathogens isolated from CSF are resistant to chloramphenicol and ampicillin or if patients have a penicillin allergy. Cefuroxime is not a suitable drug for perioperative chemoprophylaxis in neurosurgery as used for certain operation

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237888

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Single doses of 250 and 500 mg of BL-S 578 (cefadroxil), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, were orally administered to 13 normal, healthy volunteers and serum levels determined at timed intervals for 7 h. Peak concentration was obtained at 1½ h after administration of 250 mg (8.981 μg/ml) or 500 mg (17.861 μg/ml). Urinary excretion levels within 24 h after ingestion of single doses of 250 and 500 mg of cefadroxil were 89.92 and 86.34%, respective

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237889

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Alaphosphin (Ro 03-7008; S-alanyl-R-1-aminoethyl-phosphonic acid) proved active against most of 53 strains of Serratia marcescens tested. The majority of strains were inhibited by ≤64 μg/ml of the drug; concentrations of ≥128 μg/ml of Ro 03-7008 were required for adequate killing of most of the assay strains. This drug revealed comparable in vitro activity, including killing kinetics, in a defined medium (RST2 broth) and in clean-voided urine specimens from human volunteers, but was antagonized by conventionally employed broth media, human serum, and human thoracic and abdominal fluids. The inoculum effect against the control Escherichia coli strain ATCC 25922 proved marked. The ‘skipped tube (well) phenomenon’ was encountered not uncommonly in microtiter broth susceptibility tests and in checkerboard combination assays. The combination of alaphosphin with either carbenicillin or a cephalosporin, i.e., cefamandole, yielded an additive effect against S. marcescens; in contrast, indifferent effects were observed when Ro 03-7008 had been combined with gentamicin, nalidixic acid, polymyxin B, and rifampin, res

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237890

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may be caused by anaerobic bacteria and/or gonococcus and therefore the efficacy of two antibiotics, ampicillin (AMP) and spectinomycin (SPM) commonly used in this setting was examined against 370 isolates of anaerobic bacteria. At the highest therapeutically achievable serum levels, AMP (16 μg/ml) inhibited 83% of all anaerobes and 70% of Bacteroides fragilis, and SPM (128 μg/ml) inhibited 98% of all anaerobes and 95% of B. fragilis strains tested. It therefore appears that both AMP and SPM may have a place in the treatment of PID. In our study, greater percentage of anaerobes were susceptible to SPM than previously reported. We used the ‘glove box’ technique used for testing the susceptibility of anae

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237891

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Chloramphenicol is bacteristatic for most species but bactericidal for Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis. Despite its generally lower activity, thiamphenicol exhibited equal or greater activity against these two species than did chloramphenicol. It is suggested that a particular place might be defined for thiamphenicol in the treatment of infection due to these two organisms.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237892

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 45 antimicrobial agents were determined for 13 strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus. All the strains showed good susceptibility to those agents known to be active against anaerobic gram-negative rods, such as tetracyclines and lincomycins. The lowest MICs were observed with lincomycin, clindamycin, methacycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and erythromycin. As expected, aminoglycosides were only poorly active, also some strains showed clear resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins (including the newer ones), and nitroimidazoles.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237893

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The phagocytic function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in the rat has been studied after the administration of cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil or a combination of these drugs and vincristine. No impairment in the elimination of 125I-labelled micro-aggregated human serum albumin was found. A significant reduction in relative and total spleen weight was not paralleled by a decreased splenic uptake of the RES test substance per gram tissue. A significant increase in the relative weight of the lungs was paralleled by a significant increase in the uptake of test substance on a per gram basis. No corresponding measurable effect was found in the liver. A general reduction in the cell population of the haematopoietic system has to be assumed. If this reduction is more pronounced in sub-populations of T lymphocytes (suppressor T cells) has to be further tested.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237894

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 5 children with cystic fibrosis, 13 courses of lower respiratory infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated with azlocillin, 100-200 mg/kg body weight intravenously every 8 h for 10-15 days. The clinical course during azlocillin treatment was more favourable than had been the case previously in the same patients when treated with combinations of carbenicillin and aminoglycosides. No side effects ascribable to azlocillin were observed, although one allergic reaction occurred, but this was probably elicited by another allergen. Upon repeated courses of treatment, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the infecting organisms increased steadily against both azlocillin and carbenicillin. It is concluded that azlocillin represents an important alternative in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections due to P. aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis.

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237895

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The ureidopenicillin piperacillin was given to 20 patients with urinary tract infections. The infecting microbes all had a minimum inhibitory concentration below 0.6 μg/ml. One strain of Staphylococcus aureus produced β-lactamase. All patients were freed of their microbes at the end of 7 days therapy. 1-2 weeks after the end of therapy, 1 relapsed and 3 had superinfections. Among the 16 who were without bacteria or leucocyturia after 1-2 weeks, 2 exhibited a superinfection 4-6 weeks after the end of therap

ISSN:0009-3157    

DOI:10.1159/000237896

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger